Changes in the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that some bacteria influence the endocannabinoid system outside the gastrointestinal tract, mediated by gut hormones and metabolites from other systems. The symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the body ensures the proper development of the human metabolic system. When the numbers of certain bacterial species begin to decline, the symbiosis is disrupted, leading to deterioration in the host's metabolic health. At the same time, disturbances in the composition and, in turn, functionality of the intestinal microbiota can disrupt the function of the intestinal barrier and subsequently serve as a switch for metabolic endotoxemia. Chronic inflammation, caused by the entry of bacterial particles into the bloodstream through disruption of the intestinal barrier, has a significant impact on the accumulation of body fat and the development of insulin resistance This article describes the complex axis between the microbiota and host metabolism.