Improving the Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Distal Occlusion

Abstract

Distal bite can be formed due to various structural disorders of the facial skeleton: changes in the position and size of the jaws, anomalies of the dental arches, mainly in the sagittal direction, anomalies in the position of individual teeth. This pathology causes significant anatomical, functional and aesthetic disorders, negatively affects the psychoemotional status of the patient, is accompanied by impaired functions of swallowing, chewing, speech, creates prerequisites for increased morbidity of periodontal tissues, temporomandibular joint. Diagnosis and determination of the causes of skeletal and dental alveolar malocclusion is a prerequisite for proper and, as a result, successful treatment. According to modern views, one of the important factors determining the treatment tactics of patients with distal occlusion is the creation of a harmonious state between morphology and function, which obviously presupposes the normal functioning of the maxillary system in the presence of physiological occlusion of the dentition and good facial aesthetics. In adult patients with Engl class II skeletal condition caused by retroposition or underdevelopment of the mandible, there are the following treatment options: extending the mandible forward using orthognathic surgery, dental alveolar compensation by removing premolars in the upper jaw. Currently, a large number of different operations are performed on the jaws to eliminate malocclusion or other dental deformities