Pathological Changes in the Condition of Tooth Hard Tissues in Somatic Diseases

Tooth hard tissues, primarily enamel and dentin, are typically considered resilient structures. However, emerging evidence shows that systemic or somatic diseases — such as diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, anemia, and chronic renal conditions — can significantly impact their integrity. This study explores the pathological changes observed in tooth hard tissues among individuals with common somatic diseases. A clinical analysis of 110 patients revealed structural alterations such as enamel hypoplasia, dentin sensitivity, demineralization, and increased fracture risk, which were often linked to metabolic imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and salivary changes caused by systemic illness. The findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in patient care, as early dental monitoring may offer critical insights into the progression of underlying somatic conditions and help prevent irreversible oral complications.