Bobomurod X. Xoldorov (1), Khabibullo N. Kodirov (2)
Over 150 million instances of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recorded each year, making it one of the most common bacterial illnesses affecting women globally. Infections that climb from the urethra to the bladder and, in extreme situations, to the kidneys are the main cause of them. Escherichia coli is the primary causative agent, accounting for around 70–80% of infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are additional pathogens. Asymptomatic bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis, and complex or uncomplicated types are all included in the categorization of UTIs.
Inflammation, colonization, and bacterial attachment to uroepithelial cells are all part of the pathophysiology. Female anatomy, sexual behavior, pregnancy, postmenopausal changes, and the use of catheters or spermicides are risk factors. Clinical symptoms (dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic discomfort) are used to make the diagnosis, which is then supported by laboratory results from urinalysis, urine culture, and imaging if required. In addition to hydration, anti-inflammatory drugs, and, in certain situations, herbal therapies, treatment entails antibiotic medication customized to the pathogen and resistance profile that have been established. Recurrence is greatly decreased by preventive measures such frequent urine, proper hydration intake, and hygiene education. Preventing problems like pyelonephritis and kidney scarring requires prompt diagnosis and customized therapy.
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