Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: A Review of Advances 2020-2025

This review synthesizes the recent (2020-2025) literature on the interaction between diabetes mellitus (pre-gestational Type 1 & Type 2, and gestational diabetes) and pregnancy. Key areas address epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, glycemic control technologies (including continuous glucose monitoring), maternal-fetal outcomes, and interventions for prevention of type 2 diabetes postpartum. Findings indicate improved outcomes with early diagnosis, preconception care, tighter glycemic control, and newer technologies. The review suggests implications for clinical practice and public health policy.