Abstract:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects young adults. The disease results from an aberrant immune response targeting the myelin sheath, leading to impaired neural transmission and progressive neurological dysfunction. This paper reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment strategies for MS. Despite the lack of a definitive cure, advances in immunotherapy and early diagnosis have significantly improved patient outcomes and quality of life.