Login

Evaluation of the Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vol. 3 No. 11 (2025): International Journal of Integrative and Modern Medicine:

Huda Suhail Abed (1)

(1) Higher Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Al-Hilla, Iraq, Iraq
Fulltext View | Download

Abstract:

After its outbreak in 2020, the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was dubbed COVID-19. Nursing staff in Iraq have been working continuously since the outbreak; nurses have critical roles and responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. They will continue to remain on the front line of hospital care and actively participate in assessment and monitoring in the community. Assess knowledge, attitudes, and use of COVID-19 preventive measures and the relationship between nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and use of preventive measures with COVID-19 and demographic characteristics (age, gender, etc.).  A descriptive cross-sectional on nurses’ knowledge. The study was carried out at (Marjan Teaching Hospital, Hilla Teaching Hospital, and Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital) in Al-Hilla city. The study period was extended from the 10th of March 2022 to the 30th of May 2022. For data collection, a purposive (non-probability) sample of (200) nurses was collected through direct interviews, a personal information form, and information about COVID-19. Twelve experts who determined the validity content of the study were selected to review the questionnaire. The age of the participants was 33.69 ± 13.32. Results of the study group were defined concerning Nurses' knowledge about COVID-19 in Hilla City Hospitals and sub-dimensions. Show that 75% of participants have high knowledge of COVID-19, 90% have high attitudes toward COVID-19, and 55% use preventive measures. According to this study, nurses working in Al-Hillah City Hospitals have high knowledge, positive behavior, and great use of COVID-19 preventive measures for the virus, its transmission, and prevention. Increasing training courses for nurses on infectious diseases is necessary.

References

[1] L. A. Morgantini et al., “Factors contributing to healthcare professional burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid turnaround global survey,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 9, p. e0238217, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238217.

[2] H. M. Alrawashdeh et al., “Occupational burnout and job satisfaction among physicians in times of COVID-19 crisis: a convergent parallel mixed-method study,” BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10897-4.

[3] A. Algunmeeyn, F. El-Dahiyat, M. M. Altakhineh, M. Azab, and Z.-U.-D. Babar, “Understanding the factors influencing healthcare providers’ burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Jordanian hospitals,” J Pharm Policy Pract, vol. 13, no. 1, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00262-y.

[4] R. Zaheer, M. Khan, A. Tanveer, A. Farooq, and Z. Khurshid, “Association of Personal Protective Equipment with De Novo Headaches in Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study,” Eur J Dent, vol. 14, no. S 01, pp. S79–S85, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1721904.

[5] I. Hussain et al., “A national study to assess pharmacists’ preparedness against COVID-19 during its rapid rise period in Pakistan,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 11, p. e0241467, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241467.

[6] A. Mao, P. L. Cheong, I. K. Van, and H. L. Tam, “‘I am called girl, but that doesn’t matter’ -perspectives of male nurses regarding gender-related advantages and disadvantages in professional development,” BMC Nurs, vol. 20, no. 1, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12912-021-00539-w.

[7] E. Litton et al., “Surge capacity of intensive care units in case of acute increase in demand caused by COVID ‐19 in Australia,” Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 212, no. 10, pp. 463–467, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.5694/mja2.50596.

[8] S. Nahidi, C. Sotomayor-Castillo, C. Li, J. Currey, R. Elliott, and R. Z. Shaban, “Australian critical care nurses’ knowledge, preparedness, and experiences of managing SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic,” Australian Critical Care, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 22–27, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2021.04.008.

[9] A. M. Tiryag and H. H. Atiyah, “Nurses’ Knowledge toward Bariatric Surgery at Surgical Wards at Teaching Hospitals in Al-Basra City,” Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 5152–5159, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16253.

[10] A. M. Tiryag, “Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Pacemaker: A Cross-Sectional Study,” Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.8845.

[11] M. Marthoenis and M. Maskur, “Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Nurses Toward COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Referral Hospital of Indonesia,” Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 569–572, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_362_20.

[12] A. Abitegeka and A. Mawanda, “KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES OF PREGNANT MOTHERS TOWARDS DENTAL HEALTH CARE DURING GESTATION AT MPIGI HEALTH CENTRE IV MPIGI DISTRICT.A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.,” Students Journal of Health Research Africa. doi: 10.51168/sjhrafrica.v4i12.836.

[13] A. H. Albahri, S. A. Alnaqbi, S. A. Alnaqbi, A. O. Alshaali, and S. M. Shahdoor, “Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Centers in Dubai: A Cross-Sectional Survey, 2020,” Front Public Health, vol. 9, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679.

[14] R. Shawahna, “Knowledge, attitude, and use of protective measures against COVID-19 among nurses: a questionnaire-based multicenter cross-sectional study,” BMC Nurs, vol. 20, no. 1, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12912-021-00689-x.

[15] A. H. El‐Monshed, M. Amr, A. S. Ali, Y. M. Elmasry, and M. Zoromba, “Nurses’ knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey,” Int J Nurs Pract, vol. 27, no. 6, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1111/ijn.13017.

[16] D. Jackson et al., “Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19,” J Clin Nurs, vol. 29, no. 13–14, pp. 2041–2043, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1111/jocn.15257.

[17] J. Schwartz, C.-C. King, and M.-Y. Yen, “Protecting Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Lessons From Taiwan’s Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Response,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 71, no. 15, pp. 858–860, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa255.

[18] E. Y. P. Lee, M.-Y. Ng, and P.-L. Khong, “COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us?,” Lancet Infect Dis, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 384–385, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30134-1.

[19] W. Guan et al., “Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 382, no. 18, pp. 1708–1720, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1056/nejmoa2002032.

[20] B. M. Henry, “COVID-19, ECMO, and lymphopenia: a word of caution,” Lancet Respir Med, vol. 8, no. 4, p. e24, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30119-3.

[21] J. Martel, Y.-F. Ko, J. D. Young, and D. M. Ojcius, “Could nasal nitric oxide help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19?,” Microbes Infect, vol. 22, no. 4–5, pp. 168–171, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.002.

[22] T. Wang et al., “Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19,” The Lancet, vol. 395, no. 10228, p. e52, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30558-4.

[23] B. F. Maier and D. Brockmann, “Effective containment explains subexponential growth in recent confirmed COVID-19 cases in China,” Science (1979), vol. 368, no. 6492, pp. 742–746, May 2020, doi: 10.1126/science.abb4557.

[24] A. Pormohammad et al., “Comparison of influenza type A and B with COVID‐19: A global systematic review and meta‐analysis on clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings,” Rev Med Virol, vol. 31, no. 3, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1002/rmv.2179.

[25] J. Bullard et al., “Predicting Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Diagnostic Samples,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 2663–2666, May 2020, doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa638.

[26] I. Kodvanj, J. Homolak, D. Virag, and V. Trkulja, “World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Database: Who Needs It?,” Aug. 2020, doi: 10.20944/preprints202007.0051.v2.

[27] S. Salehi, A. Abedi, S. Balakrishnan, and A. Gholamrezanezhad, “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients,” American Journal of Roentgenology, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 87–93, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.2214/ajr.20.23034.

[28] T. Ai et al., “Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases,” Radiology, vol. 296, no. 2, pp. E32–E40, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642.

[29] Y. Li, W. Bai, and T. Hashikawa, “The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients,” J Med Virol, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 552–555, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1002/jmv.25728.

[30] E. A. Meyerowitz, A. Richterman, R. T. Gandhi, and P. E. Sax, “Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors,” Ann Intern Med, vol. 174, no. 1, pp. 69–79, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.7326/m20-5008.

[31] “Latest assessment on COVID-19 from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC),” Eurosurveillance, vol. 25, no. 8, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.8.2002271.

[32] F. Lyu, “COVID-19 Control in Italy: Personal Experience from March 25−April 8, 2020,” China CDC Wkly, vol. 2, no. 21, pp. 376–377, 2020, doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.096.

[33] J. Ellison, J. Cayen, R. Mitchell, and K. Bush, “Evaluation of the accuracy in the application of the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) bloodstream infection surveillance definitions,” The Canadian Journal of Infection Control, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 19–22, 2023, doi: 10.36584/cjic.2023.001.02.19.22.

[34] V. Stadnytskyi, C. E. Bax, A. Bax, and P. Anfinrud, “The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 22, pp. 11875–11877, May 2020, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006874117.

[35] L. Bourouiba, “Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases,” Annu Rev Biomed Eng, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 547–577, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111820-025044.

[36] T. Greenhalgh, J. L. Jimenez, K. A. Prather, Z. Tufekci, D. Fisman, and R. Schooley, “Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2,” The Lancet, vol. 397, no. 10285, pp. 1603–1605, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00869-2.

[37] M. M. Lamers et al., “SARS-CoV-2 Productively Infects Human Gut Enterocytes,” Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1101/2020.04.25.060350.

[38] C. C. Wang et al., “Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses,” Science (1979), vol. 373, no. 6558, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1126/science.abd9149.

[39] N. Zhu et al., “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 382, no. 8, pp. 727–733, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1056/nejmoa2001017.

[40] I. Seah and R. Agrawal, “Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals,” Ocul Immunol Inflamm, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 391–395, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1738501.