Abstract:

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of death globally, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a primary surgical intervention for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. However, while CABG improves clinical outcomes, the restoration of blood flow does not always lead to complete recovery of myocardial structure and function. This study investigates the clinical and morphological changes in the myocardium following CABG, highlighting the effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury, systemic inflammation, and the preoperative myocardial condition. The methodology involved a review of ultrastructural and morphological changes observed in myocardial tissue post-surgery. Findings suggest that myocardial damage, including reversible cardiomyocyte swelling and irreversible fibrosis, persists despite improved coronary perfusion. Inflammatory responses and microcirculation dysfunction further complicate recovery. These findings underscore the need for a deeper understanding of myocardial pathophysiology to improve the long-term outcomes of CABG. The implications of these results point to the importance of optimizing surgical techniques and developing therapies to mitigate reperfusion injury and improve microcirculation in CABG patients.