Analyze Ways to Prevent or Optimally Treat Age-Related Muscle Loss

Abstract

It is worth noting that skeletal muscles play a crucial role in various metabolic processes in the human body, which, in addition to their function of movement, can contribute to improving health or the risk of diseases. Muscles store a large amount of glycogen and are the main place of glucose excretion from the body by stimulating insulin when necessary, and the largest component of the basic metabolism, directly or indirectly affecting bone density. It also produces myokines, which have a pleiotropic effect on muscles and other tissues, including the brain, and accumulate essential essential amino acids. At the same time, when food intake is reduced and stress is aimed at eliminating negative effects on the body, muscles also ensure that protein synthesis is maintained in moderation. However, in various pathological conditions, as well as depending on age, there is a decrease or loss of muscle mass beyond the norm, and this is called sarcopenia. Therefore, it is not surprising that the manifestation of skeletal muscles with a decrease in mass and muscle strength in various pathological conditions acts both as a strong risk factor and as the main consequence of chronic diseases, disability and loss of independence, and this, in turn, is one of the strongest risk factors for death. Thus, skeletal muscles remain one of the most plastic of all tissues, because it is here that there is a rapid change in the rate of protein synthesis and breakdown in response to physical activity and inactivity, inflammation, nutrition and hormonal background. In recent decades, the development of pharmacological treatments to increase muscle mass and prevent its loss in chronic diseases or age-related loss of muscle mass has become an important goal. However, although significant progress has been made recently in understanding the molecular and cellular regulation of muscle protein metabolism, the introduction of drugs with positive effects and approved for the treatment of sarcopenia in millions of older people remains a challenge. In this regard, one can only think about theoretical measures to solve problems such as age-related diseases and the lack of new and effective pharmacotherapeutic treatments that reduce or eliminate muscle loss.