The Role of Antibodies in Preventing Natural Conception: Mechanisms and Complications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31149/ijimm.v3i6.3004Keywords:
Infertility, Autoimmune Markers, Anti- Antibodies, Thyroid Function and Pregnancy LossAbstract
Background: Infertility is a complicated trouble that impacts a large number of couples across the globe. While different factors make contributions to infertility, immune disorder has emerged as a key player in each male and girl reproductive fitness. Autoimmune reactions directed against the reproductive organs, such as the endometrium, sperm and ovary, may affect fertility and lead to miscarriage. Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of different auto-antibodies like Anti-Sperm Antibodies (ASA), Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (aPL), Anti-Endometrial Antibodies and thyroid autoantibodies in girls with infertility and their correlation. The observe also sought to investigate the possible influence of these autoantibodies on fertility. Methodology: Over 8 months from January 2023 to August 2023, 500 samples were collected from Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Iraq; 300 of which were non-reproductive and 200 healthy subjects. Blood was taken to determine the levels of specific antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and thyroid function testing was carried out to determine the impact of thyroid dysfunction on reproductive outcome. Findings: The prevalence of ASA, aPL, anti-endometrial antibodies and higher thyroid autoantibodies were found in the birth control group compared to the control group. The results indicate that there is a close relationship between the immune response and infertility. Also, the relationships between ASA and other immune-stimulating factors are exhibited in this study. A combination of several immune stimulants is suggested as a possible cause for disruption of fertility. Conclusions: This study confirms the role of immune system in female infertility and confirms that it is a very important role. This indicates that general immunity plays a role in non-menopausal women, and so early detection and management of auto-immune diseases can affect reproductive outcomes and decrease unexplained infertility.
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