Functional Changes in Periodontal Tissues during Prosthetics with Metal-Ceramic and Zirconium Dentures

In orthopedic dentistry, dentures made of precious and base metal alloys are widely used to repair defects in crowns and dentitions. The latter consist of cobalt-chromium and nickel-chromium alloys. The problem of the influence of base metals on the organs of the oral cavity and on the body as a whole is relevant. Among them, galvanosis of the oral cavity is more common. Being in the oral cavity for a long time, a denture, as a foreign body made of a material not peculiar to the human body, causes structural changes in the marginal periodontium. Therefore, modern orthopedic dentistry is faced with the question of the compatibility of metal dental alloys and the human body. The phenomenon of "intolerance", galvanosyndrome, galvanosis, described in the literature, can be explained by the body's reaction to the presence of metal inclusions in the oral cavity, which is expressed not only by intolerance to dentures, but also by the manifestation of a burning sensation of the tongue, hypo- and increased salivation, changes in taste, etc., etc. [2.4.6.8.10.12]. In this regard, the study of the state of galvanosis of the oral cavity with non-removable dentures made of various metals becomes relevant and requires further research in this direction, which will improve the quality of dental care and prevent premature removal of orthopedic structures. The available research in this area is few and fragmentary. Therefore, the identification of causal circumstances contributing to the occurrence and causing diseases of the oral mucosa when using various types of prostheses (metal crowns, ceramics, zirconium) using histological, electron microscopic and histochemical research methods will allow us to develop more effective methods of their treatment and prevention.