Medical Manifestations of Heart Defects and its Bronchopulmonary Complications

Abstract

In recent times, global cardiac surgery has tended to increase the number of operations performed in the neonatal period. In many respects, this trend is associated with the improvement of early diagnosis of congenital pathology of the cardiovascular system, including prenatal, as well as the improvement of treatment methods for breastfed infants. One of the main tasks of public health today is to reduce the mortality rate among newborns after this cardiac surgery. The outcome of surgical treatment in a group of newborns is influenced not only by the quality of surgical technique, perfusion, anesthesia, and breastfeeding, but also by the individual characteristics of each infant. Bronchopulmonary diseases are the leading cause of postoperative illness and postoperative death, along with acute heart failure. The most common respiratory complications in the postoperative period are atelectasis, pleural effusion, diaphragmatic dysfunction, and pneumonia.