Similarities and Differences between Helicobacter Pylori and Campylobacter Jejuni and Measures to Combat Them

Epsilonproteobacteria bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori cause foodborne infections that cause human campylobacteriosis, which is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Infected people develop abdominal pain and diarrhea after eating infected poultry meat, which is the main source of transmission of pathogens to humans. After acute enteritis, postinfectious disorders affecting the nervous system, joints or intestines may occur. Immunodeficiency concomitant diseases of infected patients cause bacteremia, which causes septicemia and vascular inflammation. Prevention of human infection is achieved through hygienic measures aimed at reducing pathogenic contamination of food products. Molecular targets for the treatment and prevention of campylobacteriosis and Helicobacteriosis include pathogenicity and virulence factors of bacteria involved in motility, adhesion, invasion, oxygen detoxification, acid resistance and biofilm formation. Drugs that suppress pro-inflammatory immune reactions caused by Campylobacter and Helicobacter endotoxin lipooligosaccharide have recently added to this list of treatment methods. To reduce the risk of both antimicrobial resistance and the post-infectious effects of acute enteritis, new pharmaceutical approaches will combine anti-pathogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. This review presents the latest methods and trends in the fight against Campylobacter and Helicobacter infections, as well as molecular targets for prevention and treatment.