International Journal of Integrative and Modern Medicine
INTRODUCTION The International Journal of Integrative and Modern Medicine (IJIMM) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research articles, theoretical studies, systematic reviews, case reports, and conceptual papers in the field of modern medicine and its integration with multidisciplinary approaches. The journal aims to provide a platform for scholars, researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers to exchange knowledge and insights in addressing global health challenges through integrative and evidence-based perspectives. JOURNAL INFORMATION Journal title : International Journal of Integrative and Modern Medicine Initials : IJIMM Frequency : 12 issues per year Print ISSN : - Online ISSN : 2995- 5319 Publisher : Medical Journals Press
Case Report: Multiple Truama and Serotonin Syndrome
Serotonin syndrome is a life-threatening condition that may be caused by an unanticipated interaction of serotonergic drugs, this produces excess serotonin in the central nervous system. Medications of this category are routinely prescribed during treatment of blast injury. This drugs causes a drug reaction that affect serotonin level. Their effect on serotonin receptors should be taken into account to prevent the development of serotonin syndrome. A patient was transported from another hospital directly to the ICU to continue treatment of consequences of multiple blast injuries of lower limbs and abdomen, complicated by wound infection and clinical depression. Treatment with linezolid which is a serotonergic and duloxetine another serotonergic drug combined with repeated surgical interventions with opioid-based anaesthesia has resulted in development of the serotonin syndrome, manifesting as tremor and frequent clonic seizures. Complete revision of the prescribed pharmacological therapy as well the approach to sedation and anaesthesia has led to a complete resolution of clinical symptoms of this complication. In this case, improvement was achieved through discontinuation of fluoxetine and linezolid. All unfavourable drug interactions must be taken into account in management of complex blast injury. Limiting opioid use through regional anaesthesia and prescription of sedative agents that do not promote serotonin accumulation may prevent the development of serotonin syndrome in such patients.
Psychology of Patients with Diseases of the Nervous System
Psychology of patients with diseases of the nervous system. This article analyzes the impact of diseases of the nervous system on the personality and mental state of the patient. When the nervous system is disrupted, a person experiences mental changes, fear, depression, insecurity, and decreased motivation. The article highlights the patient's acceptance of the disease, his emotional reactions, and the importance of psychological support in the recovery process. It also shows the methods of psychological approach to patients with neurological diseases and the role of family, doctor, and psychologist cooperation in the rehabilitation process.
Exploring Molecular Pathways in Spermatogenesis and Their Role in Male Infertility
Regarding the impact on male infertility, the study authors acknowledge that while a low sperm count is not a definitive indicator of infertility, it is closely linked to fertility where They explain that even when sperm concentration exceeds the threshold of 40-50 million/ml where The study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the study group that addressed the relationship between spermatogenesis and its relation to infertility in male patients while our Methodology Designed by This study systematically reviewed a collection of articles related to male infertility cases from 2017 to 2025 where A sophisticated scientific literature review was conducted to identify research findings as well as This study relied on articles indexed in the Google Scholar database as well as Based on the researched studies and the notes recorded in the results, which academically revealed the molecular mechanisms affecting sperm development, including H19 gene methylation patterns and genetic contributors to idiopathic sperm failure, the study also described the contributions and methodologies used in the research as well as Our findings summarize the comprehensive knowledge regarding the identification of molecular factors and their impact on male fertility, particularly the H19, MEST, and MTHFR imprinted genes, which are closely associated with infertility where found also is there relationship between Sperm metabolic characteristics, including amino acids such as arginine and lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
Psychological Characteristics of Patients with AIDS and Creating Conditions for Providing Them with Psychological Care
This article analyzes the psychological state of patients living with AIDS, their emotional attitude to the disease, and the processes of psychological adaptation. The study highlights how human immunodeficiency syndrome affects not only physical health, but also factors such as mental stability, self-esteem, social activity, and quality of life. Patients diagnosed with AIDS experience psychological changes such as fear, depression, social withdrawal, self-blame, distrust, and even suicidal thoughts. The article extensively covers the stages of the patient's acceptance of the disease, his emotional reactions, and the importance of psychological support. It also analyzes individual, family, and group psychological assistance methods in working with people living with AIDS, and the role of psychologists, doctors, and families in the rehabilitation process. Such a comprehensive approach is important in restoring the patient's mental stability, increasing adherence to treatment, and ensuring social integration.
Characteristics of Patients with Combined Face Bone Injuries in Andijan Region from 2022-2024
The work presents the results of a clinical and statistical analysis of patients with combined facial bone injuries who underwent treatment at the Andijan branch of the RSCEMC in 2022-2024. A study was conducted on 122 patients and 30 individuals in the control group. It has been established those able-bodied men (20-40 years old) constitute the main risk group, with road accidents being the leading cause of injuries. The most vulnerable structure of the facial skeleton was the lower jaw, which accounts for about 38% of all fractures. In 76% of cases, facial injuries were combined with craniocerebral injuries, which significantly aggravated the course of the traumatic illness. Clinical manifestations included pain, swelling, trismus, impaired occlusion, and hypesthesia of the infraorbital region. The greatest treatment effectiveness was achieved with early stabilization of bone fragments using osteosynthesis methods and complex therapy in accordance with the principles of AO CMF. The obtained data confirm the region-specific patterns of epidemiology and pathogenesis of combined craniofacial injuries and emphasize the need for further study of the body's systemic reactions in severe injuries of the maxillofacial region.
Improving the Effectiveness of Integrating Advanced Technologies in the Practice of Bone Growth in Alveolar Atrophy
This article examines modern approaches to improving bone regeneration efficiency in cases of pronounced alveolar atrophy of the jaws. A comparative study of the use of traditional auto transplantation and innovative technologies, including the use of osteoplastic materials based on β-tricalcium phosphate, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and composite systems with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and growth factor VEGF, was conducted. The study included 60 patients with II-III-degree alveolar ridge atrophy. The results showed that the use of biomaterials activated by PRP and MSC accelerates angiogenesis, increases the degree of osseointegration of implants, and reduces the frequency of inflammatory complications compared to classical auto transplantation. The average effectiveness of intergeneration was 90-95% when using combined technologies, compared to 80% in the control group. The integration of digital methods - navigation surgery, 3D planning, and bioprinting - increases the accuracy of transplant positioning, optimizes bone bed geometry, and improves the prediction of implantation outcomes. Thus, the use of advanced biotechnological and digital solutions provides a new quality of bone augmentation, increasing the reproducibility and clinical effectiveness of procedures in patients with pronounced atrophy of the alveolar processes.
Prevalence of Supraspinatus Tendon Rupture Among Manual Workers in Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Supraspinatus tendon rupture is a commonly occurring musculoskeletal disorder among Manual Workers resulting in Declines in Work Productivity and Quality of Life. There is limited Epidemiological Evidence on the prevalence of Supraspinatus Tendon Ruptures among Manual Workers in Iraq. We aimed to evaluate the Prevalence of Supraspinatus Tendon Ruptures among Manual Workers in Iraq and to Explore the associated Risk Factors with this type of Injury. Methods: To evaluate the Prevalence of Supraspinatus Tendon Ruptures among Manual Workers in Iraq, we performed a Cross-Sectional Study at a Private Hospital in Baghdad during the time frame of January 2022 through December 2023. Cross-Sectional Study Participants that presented with Clinical Shoulder complaints between the ages of 18-65 years were interviewed and clinically examined, including MRI evaluation, to evaluate for Supraspinatus Tendon Rupture(s). Participant Demographics, Work Experience, Relevant Symptoms, and Radiographic Findings were collected. A Statistical Analysis of the Data was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: During our Screening of 524 Manual Workers, we found that 187 (35.7%; 95% CI: 31.6-40.1%) had confirmed Supraspinatus Tendon Ruptures. The mean age of the Participants was 48.3 ± 8.7 years and predominantly Male (78.6%). There were Three Primary Identified Predictors of Rupture; i.e., Repetitive Overhead Activities, Age > 45 Years, and > 20 Years of Occupational Experience. Construction Workers (42.1%) represented a larger group than Manual Workers in Other Occupational Categories. Conclusions: Supraspinatus Tendon Ruptures are common among Manual Workers in Iraq. Age, Length of Employment, and the Type of Work Activity are all significant Risk Factors associated with this type of Injury. The findings of this study support the need for Health Promotion Programs and Early Identification of Supraspinatus Tendon Retrival Injury among Manual Workers who are at Increased Risk.
Clinical and Instrumental Assessment of the Effectiveness of Myocardial Revascularization in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Research objective. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of clinical, functional, biochemical, and instrumental indicators in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after various types of myocardial revascularization and identify risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications. Materials and methods. 96 patients with coronary heart disease were examined, who underwent planned myocardial revascularization. Depending on the method of intervention, patients are divided into two groups: -I group (n = 52) - patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); - Group II (n = 44) - patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CAG). The dynamics of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (EchoCG) indicators, troponin I levels, KFC-MV, lipid spectrum parameters, frequency of complications, and quality of life were assessed using SF-36 and KCCQ scales. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 package, Student's t-test and χ2 criterion were used; differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. Six months after the intervention, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased by an average of 12%, the frequency of ST segment depression and T wave inversion decreased by more than 3 times. Complete revascularization was achieved in 83% of patients after PCV and in 89% after CSH. The frequency of complications was 32.7% and 50.0%, respectively. The main predictors of complications were: LVEF < 45%, troponin level I > 0.5 ng/ml, the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and NYHA functional class III-IV chronic heart failure (CHF). The SF-36 average total score increased from 48.5 to 74.5, the KCCQ scale from 49.3 to 77.9 (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Myocardial revascularization leads to a significant improvement in the contractile function of the myocardium and the quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease. Endovascular methods ensure faster restoration of the functional state, while surgical revascularization is characterized by a more stable hemodynamic effect in the long term. The developed risk stratification algorithm allows reducing the frequency of complications by approximately 30-35% and improving quality of life indicators by 22-28 points.
The Importance of Using Graphic Organizers in Conducting a Practical Lesson on “Carbohydrates: Structure and Properties” in Medical Chemistry
This article discusses the significance of using diagrams and graphic representations during practical lessons to explain the types of carbohydrates and their importance in the human body within the topic “Carbohydrates: Their Structure and Properties” in medical chemistry. It is emphasized that graphic organizers help visualize complex chemical concepts, systematize them, and enhance students’ deeper understanding of the subject.
Biological Efficacy of the Insecticide Benzalife Bereke V.R.G. Against Cotton Bollworm on Medium-Fiber Cotton
The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) belongs to the order Lepidoptera, family Noctuidae. This pest develops in large numbers in cotton fields during the growing season, causing significant crop damage, reducing the technological properties of cotton fiber, and degrading the quality of seed.H. armigera is considered one of the most dangerous cotton pests. Furthermore, Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most destructive insect pests in the world, causing estimated global economic losses exceeding $3 billion annually. The most susceptible crops are cotton, tomato, soybeans, grains (corn, sorghum), chickpeas, and other legumes. This article presents the results of a field experiment evaluating the biological efficacy of the insecticide "Benzalife Bereke vrg" (emamectin benzoate + lufenuron) against cotton bollworm on medium-fiber cotton.
Effect of soil water deficiency on photosynthetic net productivity of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) Varieties
The article presents data obtained on the basis of field experiments on determining the net photosynthesis productivity of sunflower varieties, which determine their productivity under different moisture conditions. When comparing varieties, the highest photosynthesis productivity was recorded in Diyor and Dilbar varieties under limited moisture conditions, and the lowest in Navruz and Sur varieties.
Pedagogical Skills in Management of the Educational Process
Improving teaching methods in the modern education system and ensuring the active participation of students in the process of acquiring knowledge are one of the urgent issues. In this regard, the teacher's skills in organizing the educational process play an important role in the development of society. PURPOSE. The purpose of this article is to broadly cover the theoretical foundations of teaching methods, their types, their role in the teaching process and their effectiveness. To highlight the importance of teaching methods in the modern educational process, to analyze their essence and to determine their role in the formation of students' knowledge, skills and independent thinking abilities. At the same time, one of the main tasks of this article is to show effective types of methods and reveal the methodological foundations of their application in practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials for this article were scientific literature in the field of pedagogy and education, international and national studies on teaching methods used in the modern educational process, as well as the results of a questionnaire and practical observations conducted with teachers and students. In addition, methodological manuals, articles on educational technologies, and Internet resources were also used as materials. The article also took into account pedagogical experiences aimed at increasing the effectiveness of teaching methods. CONCLUSION. Teaching methods in the modern educational process form an active, conscious and responsible approach of students to acquiring knowledge. Such methods transform students from recipients of ready-made knowledge into active owners of knowledge. The scope of students' thinking expands, their creative approach strengthens, and their speech culture and social activity increase.
Modification of Secondary Pvc Waste With Low-Molecular Polypropylene and its Advantages
This article investigates the modification of secondary PVC waste using low–molecular–weight polypropylene (PP) and analyzes its influence on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the resulting composite materials. The research findings demonstrate that the addition of PP enhances interphase stability, improves impact resistance and elasticity, and increases the thermal stability of PVC. The modified composites show excellent processing adaptability, reduced energy consumption, and ecological safety, making them promising materials for industrial applications. The advantage of modifying PVC waste with PP lies in improving recycling efficiency, decreasing environmental impact, and enabling the development of cost-effective, functional polymer composites.
Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Teaching Practices in Uzbekistan: a Modern Educational Perspective
Uzbekistan is undergoing rapid educational transformation aligned with global trends in pedagogy, digitalization, and competency-based learning. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of teaching practices in Uzbekistan at the general secondary and higher education levels. The study highlights ongoing reforms, the introduction of innovative teaching methods, digital transformation, teacher professional development, inclusive education, and structural challenges. The findings illustrate that, despite substantial progress, the teaching system continues to face difficulties related to technological inequality, teacher workload, limited resources, and the need for systematic methodological modernization. Recommendations for improving teaching effectiveness and strengthening national education policy are proposed.
Analysis of Tannins in the Aboveground Part of Hyssop (Hyssopus Officinalis L.)
Most essential-oil–containing plants of the Lamiaceae family are currently used as expectorants, anti-inflammatory agents, wound-healing remedies, sedatives, and for other purposes. In this regard, hyssop — a representative of this family — holds particular importance. Studying the chemical composition of the aboveground part of the medicinal hyssop plant is considered relevant for its application in scientific medicine. This article presents information related to the analysis of tannins in the aboveground part of Hyssopus officinalis L., a medicinal plant widely used in folk and scientific medicine.
Novel Drug Delivery Systems (Ndds) And The Therapeutic Efficacy of Nanopharmaceuticals Through Targeted Mechanisms
The therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical agents is often limited by challenges such as poor bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and the lack of precise drug targeting to the pathological site [1]. To overcome these constraints, Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), particularly those based on nanopharmaceuticals, have emerged as a critical solution [2]. This article analyzes the composition, preparation methods, and role of various nanocarriers—including liposomes, microparticles, and nanocapsules—in the precise delivery of therapeutic agents to diseased tissues via both active and passive mechanisms [3]. NDDS significantly optimize the drug’s pharmacokinetic profile by prolonging its circulation time in the bloodstream, thereby minimizing exposure to healthy tissues and reducing adverse effects [4]. The analysis indicates that modern nanosystems hold revolutionary potential for treating complex diseases, especially in oncology, paving the way for the advancement of personalized medicine [5].
Specific Changes in Oral Liquid Composition in Children With Osteomielitis
Jaw bone osteomyelitis in children is a serious problem of modern children's maxillofacial surgery and dentistry, characterized by a high frequency of complications and unfavorable long-term consequences for the formation of the dentofacial system. According to various researchers, the frequency of osteomyelitis lesions of the maxillofacial region in childhood accounts for 5 to 15% of all inflammatory diseases of this localization, while a trend towards an increase in morbidity has been observed in recent decades.
Improving the Effectiveness of Treatment for Odontogenic Osteitis of the Jaw Bones
The modern understanding of the etiopathogenesis of odontogenic osteitis of the jaw bones has undergone significant changes in recent decades. While previously these diseases were viewed primarily through the lens of classical infectious-inflammatory processes, they are now recognized as pathological conditions of a complex multifactorial nature, encompassing microbiological, immunological, genetic, and anatomical-physiological components.
Results of Ultrasound Examination in Patients With Fractures of the Alveolar Process of the Jaws
The article presents the results of ultrasound examination in patients with fractures of the alveolar process of the jaws using various immobilization methods. During the immobilization period, along with the main treatment, attention should be paid to implementing a set of measures that improve bone metabolism indicators in patients with fractures of the alveolar process of the jaws. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of various immobilization methods on the state of bone tissue of the alveolar process of the jaws (PAOJ) using ultrasound osteometry. Materials and methods: 65 patients with PAOJ were examined, divided into three groups according to the immobilization method: traditional smooth splints, splints with the use of additional agents (mouthwash and calcium-D3), as well as splints fixed with composite. Ultrasound examination was conducted in three stages: before immobilization, on the 14th day, and after removing the fixing structures. Results: It was established that the velocity of ultrasound waves increased after treatment in groups with alternative immobilization methods, indicating better density and reparative regeneration of bone tissue compared to the traditional method. Conclusion: Using gentle methods of immobilization allows for a reduction in inflammatory complications, preservation of periodontal health, and improvement of conditions for bone fragment consolidation during the treatment of PAOJ. Conclusion: Using gentle immobilization methods allows for a reduction in inflammatory complications, preservation of periodontal health, and improvement of bone fragment consolidation conditions during PAOJ treatment. It was established that the passage rate of ultrasound waves increased after treatment in groups with alternative immobilization methods, indicating better density and reparative regeneration of bone tissue compared to the traditional method. Conclusion. Using merciful methods of immobilization allows for a reduction in inflammatory complications, preservation of periodontal health, and improvement of bone fragment consolidation conditions during PAOJ.
Role of Local Flaps in Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Upper Limbs Following Blast Injuries: Experience from Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialties, Baghdad Medical City
This clinical trial provides the first institutional evaluation of benign and malignant cutaneous mole excisions in Iraq. The study demonstrates that, even in a resource-limited setting, combining clinical examination with dermoscopy and histopathology yields high diagnostic accuracy (89.4%), with sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 97.1%. Most false-negative cases were related to subtle pigment changes in darker skin types, underscoring the need for low thresholds for excision of evolving lesions. Facial lesions were common (41.3%) due to cosmetic concerns and high UV exposure. The relatively young median age (34.2 years) suggests possible early UV exposure or delayed healthcare access. Surgical outcomes were favorable, with a low complication rate (5.6%) and no recurrence of benign nevi at 12 months. Limitations of Iraq’s healthcare system—such as limited dermatopathology capacity, slow biopsy turnaround, and absence of a national skin cancer registry—affect long-term care and surveillance. Despite these constraints, results show that effective and safe mole management is achievable. The study supports implementing dermoscopy training, standardized excision protocols, public education on the ABCDE criteria, and improved pathology referral networks to strengthen national skin cancer care.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Integrative and Modern Medicine
The Spread of Allergic Disorders and Their Preventive Measures
This article analyzes the prevalence of allergic diseases in the world and in Uzbekistan, as well as the environmental, genetic and immunological factors that lead to their development. Some clinical forms of allergy, their pathogenesis and impact on human health are widely covered. The scientific basis of preventive measures at the collective and individual levels for the prevention of allergic diseases is also considered. The importance of protection from allergens, strengthening the immune system, compliance with hygiene standards and modern diagnostic methods is emphasized.
Problems of Early Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases among Youth
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the problems of early detection of cardiovascular diseases among young people. In recent years, an increase in heart-related diseases has been observed worldwide, including among young people in Uzbekistan. According to statistics, arterial hypertension, arrhythmias, cardiac dystrophies, dyslipidemia, and the initial stages of atherosclerosis are becoming increasingly common among the population aged 15–35. A distinctive feature of these diseases is that they often proceed latently and are detected only when severe complications occur. Also, among young people, non-adherence to a healthy lifestyle, an abundance of stress factors, malnutrition, inactivity, smoking, and the use of energy drinks have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. This makes it difficult to detect diseases at an early stage. Lack of regular medical examinations, insufficient screening programs, low medical culture, and disregard for family history also limit the possibilities of early diagnosis. The article discusses the existing problems in a scientifically and theoretically grounded manner and makes proposals for the introduction of early screening programs in maintaining the health of young people, strengthening cardiological monitoring in educational institutions, forming a healthy lifestyle, and increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures. The results of the study show that this issue is relevant from a social, medical, and pedagogical perspective. Relevance of the topic: Today, cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common not only among middle-aged and elderly people, but also among young people aged 15–35. Stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and increased consumption of energy drinks contribute to the early development of these diseases. The most dangerous thing is that these diseases are hidden in most people, so early detection is often impossible. As a result, the number of serious conditions such as sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, and arrhythmias is increasing among young people. Purpose of the topic: The main purpose of the article is to identify problems that prevent the early detection of cardiovascular diseases among young people, to shed light on their pathogenic factors, to propose effective diagnostic methods, and to show scientifically based methods of preventive measures.
MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
This article explores the use of modern pedagogical technologies in teaching the discipline of traditional medicine and evaluates their impact on educational effectiveness. The study highlights the advantages of interactive teaching methods, digital learning platforms, and scenario-based practical training. Findings demonstrate that the integration of innovative technologies enhances students’ academic performance, supports the development of clinical reasoning, and increases motivation and engagement. A comparative analysis between experimental and control groups provides evidence for the superiority of modern instructional approaches in traditional medicine education.
MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
This article analyzes the effectiveness of modern pedagogical technologies in teaching pediatric dentistry. The study explores the impact of interactive methods, simulation technologies, and information and communication technologies (ICT) on the learning process. The findings indicate that the use of these approaches enhances students’ clinical reasoning, strengthens practical skills, and increases learning motivation. The article also provides methodological recommendations for integrating contemporary pedagogical approaches into pediatric dentistry education.
Medical Volunteers in Promoting Healthy Lifestyles among Schoolchildren
Currently, it is important to raise awareness among all segments of the population, including schoolchildren, about improving and maintaining their health. Volunteers provide invaluable assistance in raising adolescent awareness of healthy lifestyles and health promotion, since they are more receptive to this information from young people and their peers. It is also important to ensure the accuracy and precision of the information conveyed to the younger generation. In this regard, the role of volunteers among young doctors, residents, and senior medical students is increasing. High-quality training of volunteers is essential, as is developing their communication and presentation skills.
Medical Culture is the Guarantee of Health
Medical culture is, first of all, elementary knowledge about a person's own health and possible diseases, going to a doctor's office not only for some illness or disease, but also for the purpose of analyzing and examining the state of the body. In developed countries, the majority of the population undergoes a health examination without any complaints. Medical culture is knowledge and skills aimed at ensuring that each person and the population as a whole take a responsible attitude to their own health.
Rational Nutrition of Children Under 2 Years of Age in the Practice of a Family Physician
Children's physical development slows somewhat starting in their second year of life, but remains quite rapid. During the second and third years, children gain approximately 5 kg in weight and grow 16–20 cm. Active growth during this period is associated with intensive development of the skeletal and muscular systems.
Optimizing Modern Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in the Context of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Deforming osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not only worsens the condition of patients but also requires improved treatment efficacy. This pathology affects a significant portion of the global population and is one of the leading causes of disability. In particular, OA in patients with diabetes tends to be clinically more severe, with pronounced morphological and immunological changes. Within the study, a group of patients was examined using clinical, instrumental (X-ray and MRI), morphological, and immunohistochemical methods. They were divided into three groups: Control group – patients diagnosed with deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint without diabetes, treated with conventional methods; Control group – patients diagnosed with knee DOA against the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus, treated with conventional methods; Experimental group – patients with knee DOA on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus, who underwent the proposed minimally invasive surgical techniques (arthroscopy and neuroablation). The results showed a high severity of diabetic DOA, with a significant decrease in CD3, CD20 lymphocytes, and the Ki-67 proliferation index. Minimally invasive surgical methods were more effective than conventional treatments in reducing pain syndrome, improving function, and decreasing the frequency of complications. Conclusion: Modern minimally invasive technologies are an effective approach to optimizing the treatment of deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Morphological Alterations of Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelium and the Air–Blood Barrier in Diabetes Mellitus
The question of the need to prescribe antibiotic therapy to patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requires justification of the prescription of an antibiotic, taking into account the likelihood of an etiological role of an infectious factor, the possibility of spontaneous remissions, as well as the risk of negative consequences in case of unreasonable prescription (development of microorganism resistance, unwanted side effects, unjustified costs) ... In addition, the large arsenal of modern antibiotics poses the problem of choosing the optimal drug for the doctor. With extreme caution, it is necessary to treat the choice of antibiotic therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The Immunological Impact of Adenoid and Tonsillar Dysfunction on Mucosal and Systemic Defense Mechanisms in Children
Adenoid and tonsillar dysfunction represents one of the leading causes of impaired mucosal and systemic immunity in childhood. This study investigates the immunological, microbiological, and structural alterations associated with chronic adenotonsillar pathology. A comparative analysis between hypertrophy cases and healthy controls was performed using immunological assays, cytokine profiling, and bacteriological evaluation. Children with adenotonsillar dysfunction demonstrated significant deficiencies in mucosal IgA production, altered T-cell distribution, and heightened inflammatory cytokine activity. The findings confirm that early detection and management of adenotonsillar disorders may significantly reduce recurrent respiratory illnesses and improve pediatric health outcomes.
The Functional Significance of the Adenotonsillar System in Shaping Immune Responses in Children
The adenotonsillar system represents a key component of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and plays a central role in regulating local and systemic immune reactions in early childhood. This study investigates immunological indicators, lymphoid tissue activity, and mucosal defense mechanisms in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy compared with healthy peers. A comprehensive methodology, including clinical examination, immunological profiling, and microbiological assessment, was applied. Results demonstrate substantial alterations in cellular and humoral immunity in children with adenotonsillar dysfunction, confirming the system’s essential contribution to immunological maturation. The findings highlight the clinical and public health relevance of early diagnosis and management of adenotonsillar disorders.
Rehabilitation Strategies for Children with Acquired Sensorineural Auditory Deficits
Acquired sensorineural auditory deficits represent one of the most challenging forms of hearing impairment in childhood. This condition arises when structural or functional damage occurs within the sound-perceiving components of the auditory system, ranging from the cochlear sensory receptors to higher neural pathways. Etiologically, pediatric sensorineural impairment stems from a broad spectrum of factors that may be hereditary—associated with genetic or familial influence—or non-hereditary, resulting from diverse external exposures. Depending on the timing of onset, hearing loss may be present at birth due to prenatal or perinatal insults, or it may develop later as an acquired condition triggered by environmental, infectious, traumatic, or toxic influences. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for selecting effective rehabilitation approaches tailored to the child's developmental and psycho-emotional needs.
Study of Homocysteine Levels in Women with Congenital Defects and a History of Non-Progression
Reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality remains a major medical and social priority, with the prevention of pregnancy complications and fetal malformations representing a key strategy for achieving this goal. Disturbances in folate metabolism and elevated homocysteine levels are recognized risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including congenital malformations and early reproductive losses. This study aimed to assess homocysteine levels in women with a history of congenital fetal malformations and nonviable pregnancies and to evaluate the effectiveness of L-methylfolate and vitamin B12 supplementation. A total of 155 women with complicated obstetric and perinatal histories were included in the study. Patients in the main groups received L-methylfolate at a dose of 800 μg/day and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) at a dose of 18 μg/day from the preconception period through pregnancy. Homocysteine levels were measured before treatment and dynamically during therapy.
Социологические Аспекты В Развитии Рака Молочной Железы
В статье рассматриваются социологические аспекты, влияющие на развитие и течение рака молочной железы, одного из самых распространенных онкологических заболеваний среди женщин. Анализируются социальные, экономические и культурные факторы, которые оказывают влияние на риск заболевания, доступность ранней диагностики и лечения, а также на качество жизни пациентов. Отмечается, что такие аспекты, как социально-экономический статус, уровень образования, наличие поддержки семьи и окружения, а также доступ к медицинским услугам, играют ключевую роль в профилактике и лечении болезни. Особое внимание уделяется воздействию общественных стереотипов, психологическому состоянию женщин, а также роли медиа и профилактических кампаний в формировании общественного мнения и повышении осведомленности о важности раннего выявления рака молочной железы. Делается вывод о необходимости комплексного подхода к борьбе с заболеванием, включающего медицинские, социальные и информационные меры, направленные на улучшение качества жизни пациентов и сокращение заболеваемости.
Thyreoidectomy and Postoperative Hypothyroidism
The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ composed of highly specialized epithelial cells arranged to synthesize, store, and secrete thyroid hormones. Classical histological structure includes follicles, parafollicular cells, and a rich vascular network. Recent research has expanded our understanding of follicular biology, stem cell populations, microanatomy, and molecular regulation within the gland.
ASPECTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION IN SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA
In patients with systemic sclerosis, it is important to prevent cardiovascular diseases, identify risk factors in the early stages, and predict cardiovascular risk. This helps reduce the likelihood of developing diseases and disability, as well as reduce mortality rates and improve the quality of life of patients. All this has both scientific and practical significance. Modern principles of cardiovascular disease prevention are based on taking into account the factors influencing the formation of cardiovascular risk and involve an individual approach to the prevention and control of these risks.
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE MYOCARDIUM OF THE HEART AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of death globally, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a primary surgical intervention for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. However, while CABG improves clinical outcomes, the restoration of blood flow does not always lead to complete recovery of myocardial structure and function. This study investigates the clinical and morphological changes in the myocardium following CABG, highlighting the effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury, systemic inflammation, and the preoperative myocardial condition. The methodology involved a review of ultrastructural and morphological changes observed in myocardial tissue post-surgery. Findings suggest that myocardial damage, including reversible cardiomyocyte swelling and irreversible fibrosis, persists despite improved coronary perfusion. Inflammatory responses and microcirculation dysfunction further complicate recovery. These findings underscore the need for a deeper understanding of myocardial pathophysiology to improve the long-term outcomes of CABG. The implications of these results point to the importance of optimizing surgical techniques and developing therapies to mitigate reperfusion injury and improve microcirculation in CABG patients.
Optimization of Treatment Methods for Hereditary Acquired Hearing Loss
As a result of the research, it was shown that complex treatment with the preparation of cytoflavin leads to an improvement in cerebral circulation and coronary blood flow, activates metabolic processes in the central nervous system, contributes to a more pronounced regression of neurological symptoms in the main group 2 to 3 times compared to the control group.
Effect of Minerals (CD, PB, CR, ZN, And CU) On the Efficiency of Thyroid Gland Function
Background: The Thyroid gland is very crucial to overall health, and its derailment may trigger a host of health complications. These disruptions can be caused internally or by an external stimulant that stimulates a pathway to the end result of either destroying the gland or to increase the activity of the gland. Prolonged stress on the thyroid caused by chronic use of heavy metals may cause damage to the gland by developing antibodies against the thyroid; this process is central in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. The Purpose of the Investigation: To research the role and influence of some heavy metals, i.e., cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc, and copper, on the status of thyroid glands, and to determine whether the routine analysis of these metals is reasonable in case of thyroid dysfunction. Subjects, Materials, and Methods: 30 healthy controls, 30 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 30 patients with hypothyroidism were enlisted as subjects. All subjects were between the ages of 25 and 65 years of age, and the sample had 24 females and eight males in each group. This was done through clinical and laboratory tests. Laboratory tests included the determination of S.TSH, Total S.T3, and Total S.T4 (at the visits of patients to the Specialized Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Al-Sadr General Hospital), and the first values were taken based on the archival medical histories. These tests used enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFA); S.TPO concentration was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS) and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (GFAAS) were used to determine the content of metal (lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc) levels in serum. The research was performed between the months of November 2020 and January 2021. Findings: It was found that both hypo- and hyperthyroid patients had a high level of lead, cadmium, and copper ( p < 0.05) and significantly lower levels of chromium and zinc ( p < 0.05) in comparison with healthy controls. The results showed that in hyperthyroid patients, TSH was negatively correlated with lead (r=-0.41, p=0.05) and cadmium (r=-0.56, p=0.05), and no correlation was observed between TSH and lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc in hypothyroidism. The results in both hypo- and hyperthyroid groups showed no significant relationship (p < 0.05) between thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) or TPO-Ab and the above heavy metals. Conclusion: We could suggest that the dysfunction of the thyroid gland, be it hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, is connected to the changes in the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn); some of them are increased (Pb, Cd, Cu), and some of them are reduced (Cr, Zn). These results can be supported by comparative studies against healthy subjects. Nevertheless, the research cannot conclusively identify a causal relationship or a particular mineral change to either thyroid disease, other than probably Cd. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate more specific research and conduct bigger studies in order to consider routine heavy metal evaluation in patients with thyroid dysfunction.
Diagnostic Potential of Early Detection of Oncological Risk in Women of the Surkhandarya Region Based on Tumor Markers
This study investigates the diagnostic potential of tumor markers for the early detection of oncological risk among women in the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. Oncological diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and early identification is essential for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. The research focuses on the evaluation of serum biomarkers, including CA-125, CA-15-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), as tools for oncological risk assessment and early screening. The results demonstrate that changes in tumor marker levels are associated with hormonal imbalance, family history of malignancy, and other clinically significant risk factors. The study emphasizes the importance of combining laboratory diagnostics with clinical assessment to improve early detection and strengthen preventive healthcare strategies in regional medical practice.
Clinical and Pathogenetic Features of Hyperprolactinemia and Anovulatory Dysfunction in Women With Hypothyroidism
This article investigates the clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of hyperprolactinemia and anovulatory dysfunction in women with insufficient thyroid function. Insufficient thyroid function leads to increased prolactin secretion, which disrupts the normal hormonal regulation of the ovaries, resulting in menstrual irregularities, ovulation failure, and infertility. The study analyzes epidemiological data, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies. Early detection and appropriate hormonal therapy, including thyroid hormone replacement and prolactin-lowering interventions, are essential to restore reproductive function. Understanding these interactions is critical for improving fertility outcomes and providing evidence-based management for affected women.
Role of Iron Metabolism Markers in Predicting Outcomes of Anemia of Chronic Diseases
Chronic disease anemia (CHD) is the second most common form of anemia after iron deficiency anemia and is accompanied by a wide range of inflammatory, infectious, oncological, and autoimmune processes. The purpose of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of ferritin and the transferrin saturation coefficient (TSA) as key biomarkers that allow differentiating ASD, determining the depth of functional iron deficiency, and predicting the severity of the underlying disease. 120 patients with confirmed AH were examined, divided into three groups depending on the severity of the inflammatory process. It has been established that low CNT (<20%) and high ferritin (>200 ng/ml) significantly correlate with inflammation activity (CRP, ESR), organ damage severity, and disease duration. ROC analysis showed high diagnostic accuracy of the "ferritin + KNT" combination (AUC=0.87). The obtained data confirm that these indicators can be used as reliable prognostic markers in clinical and laboratory practice.
Assessment of Factors of Vascular Wall Damage in Depressed Patients After Myocardial Infarction
The study of pathogenetic predictors of the development of anxiety–depressive disorders in myocardial infarction (MI) will make it possible to develop approaches to their correction, thereby reducing the frequency of complications in the post-infarction period. To assess the mental status of the subjects, subjective methods were used, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), designed for somatic hospital patients and recommended for use in individuals during the post-infarction period. Markers of endothelial dysfunction in blood plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using appropriate test systems. Since fibrinogen is one of the key factors in the blood coagulation process, disturbances of which—with a tendency toward thrombotic changes—represent a central link in the pathogenesis of MI, the level of oxidized fibrinogen was studied alongside indicators of the functional state of endothelial cells. The identified signs of thrombotic and hypercoagulable abnormalities in the hemostasis system in MI patients with depressive disorders possess high diagnostic value.
The Influence of Low-Intensity Laser And Led Radiation in Complexity With Gel Cholis on the State of the Oral Mucosa, Microcirculation, and Erythrocyte Morphology in Patients With Protectic Stomatitis Was Increased
Prosthetic stomatitis is one of the most common inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa (OMWC) in elderly individuals using removable dentures. The pathogenesis of the disease is determined by the complex interaction of the microbial factor, disorders of microcirculation, and the body's systemic reactivity. Changes in the shape of erythrocytes and the rheological properties of the blood play a significant role. Despite the availability of a wide range of pharmacological preparations for the treatment of OBSHQ diseases, the search for non-drug and combined methods that reduce the drug load and increase the effectiveness of therapy remains relevant.
Systemic Immune–Inflammatory Indices in Gout: Clinical and Prognostic Value With Emphasis on the Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index (SII)
Gout is a chronic crystal-induced inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent flares and persistent hyperuricemia. Traditional inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are commonly used to assess disease activity, yet they often fail to reliably reflect subclinical inflammation or predict long-term outcomes. In recent years, systemic immune–inflammatory indices (SIIs)—including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and particularly the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII)—have emerged as promising biomarkers. This article provides a detailed analysis of the clinical and prognostic significance of these indices in gout, focusing on the SII as a comprehensive marker integrating neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts. The work summarizes pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic value, prognostic utility, correlation with comorbidities, and the potential role of SII in personalized treatment strategies.
The Role of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Structure of Female Infertility
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous complex disorder characterized by oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia, and polycystic ovarian morphological changes. Interest in PCOS encompasses several specific aspects, including reproductive, cosmetic, and medical. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder characterized by both metabolic and hormonal disorders and is a major cause of infertility in women. Much information has emerged in recent years to define the diagnostic criteria for this syndrome. In addition to hormonal aspects and metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and obesity, susceptibility to developing earlier than expected glucose tolerance, the idea that these aspects should be included in the diagnostic criteria in order to develop potential therapeutic strategies is being considered. In addition, family history of SPCJ in families and in both female and male relatives may demonstrate stigmata of the syndrome, suggesting a genetic background.
Appendicitis in Children: Presentation, Complications, and Management – A Hospital-Based Study from Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Wasit, Iraq
Acute appendicitis constitutes the most common surgical emergency in children worldwide, and the clinical process is highly influenced by the differences in healthcare access, diagnostic facilities, and surgical capacity in the regions. The presence of delayed presentation, a lack of imaging modalities, and restricted surgical resources in the case of low- and middle-income countries and especially in central Iraq leads to unusual manifestations of the disease and poor outcomes. The subtle appreciation of the local epidemiology is critical to direct context-specific clinical principles and health system interventions. The proposed study will describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic issues, complication pattern, and outcome of management of pediatric patients with acute appendicitis during a period of two years in Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, one of the tertiary referral centers in the Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Our study was a prospective, observational, cohort study which would be conducted in January 2023 to December 2024, and enroll children diagnosed with acute appendicitis according to clinical, laboratory, and/or histopathological criteria. Detailed information regarding the demographic data, the presence of symptoms and their length and severity, the physical examination, the white blood cell count, the levels of C-reactive protein, the utilization of ultrasonography or other imaging, the surgical method (open or laparoscopic), the results of the surgical procedure, the histopathological check, the complications after the surgery, and the duration of the stay in the hospital were obtained. Imibibial SPSS Statistics version 28 were to be used in conducting statistical tests with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and non-parametric tests (Mann 2007) being used accordingly. 187 patients were considered in the study with a median age of 9.4 years and the interquartile range [IQR] of 7.1-11.8 years, where 117 (62.6) of the 187 were males. The pain in the abdomen was universal (100%), then vomiting (78.6%), then fever (64.2%), and anorexia (57.8%). The average length of time before the symptoms were presented was 48 hours (IQR: 3672). In 77 cases (41.2%), perforated appendicitis was reported to be significantly related to the symptom duration of over 48 hours (p < 0.001). The most common surgical procedure was open appendectomy (89.3% n=167) followed by laparoscopic appendectomy only applied in 20 patients (10.7) and in the non-perforated cases. The presence of a suppurative (52.4%), gangrenous (28.9%), and perforated (18.7%) subtype was confirmed in all the resected specimens. Twenty-seven point eight percent of patients were affected by postoperative complications and these were surgical site infection (18.7%), intra-abdominal abscess (6.4%), prolonged ileus (4.8%), and wound dehiscence (2.1%). The median length of stay in the hospital was 4 days (IQR: 3-6), which was much longer in perforated cases (median: 6 days vs. 3 days; p < 0.001). Pediatric appendicitis in this group of central Iraq is often complicated by perforation and postoperative morbidity, which are mainly due to the late capabilities of healthcare-seeking behavior and inadequate access to sophisticated tests and minimally invasive procedures. These results highlight the urgent necessity to improve the level of community education, improve the frontline diagnostic capacities (e.g. point-of-care ultrasound), and invest in surgical education regarding laparoscopic techniques. Incorporating national child health measures on standardized appendicitis into the national strategy of Iraq would adhere to Sustainable development goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and potentially impact a considerable decrease in the morbidity and healthcare burden of preventable illness in pediatric surgery.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR FAILURE
Cardiovascular failure significantly increases perioperative risk and represents a major challenge for anesthesiologists. General anesthesia can profoundly affect myocardial contractility, vascular tone, preload, and afterload, potentially leading to hemodynamic instability in patients with limited cardiac reserve. This article provides an in-depth, plagiarism-safe analysis of the specific features of general anesthesia in patients with cardiovascular failure, focusing on pathophysiology, preoperative evaluation, anesthetic management, fluid and ventilatory strategies, and postoperative care.
Risk Factors for Complications in Laparoscopic Tapp Inguinal Hernia Repair and Strategies for their Prevention
Background: Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair has become a preferred minimally invasive approach worldwide. Although it offers reduced postoperative pain, rapid recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes compared with open repair, TAPP is associated with unique technical challenges due to the complex anatomy of the myopectineal orifice and the requirement for precise preperitoneal dissection. Objective: This review aims to comprehensively evaluate contemporary evidence related to patient-related, surgical, and perioperative risk factors for complications following TAPP repair and summarize validated strategies to minimize both early and late postoperative complications. Methods: A structured literature review was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, focusing on publications from January 2020 to June 2024. Studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and international guidelines. Results: The strongest predictors of complications include obesity, smoking, large/scrotal hernias, inadequate mesh coverage, technical errors in dissection, and surgeon experience below the threshold of 50 procedures. Evidence suggests that standardization of operative steps, atraumatic mesh fixation, proper identification of anatomical landmarks, and enhanced perioperative care significantly decrease recurrence and chronic pain rates. ERAS protocols and regional anesthesia techniques further reduce early postoperative morbidity. Conclusion: Most complications following TAPP repair are preventable through adherence to evidence-based protocols, optimization of patient factors, and comprehensive surgical training. A structured institutional approach ensures safe implementation and durable long-term outcomes.
Diagnostic Characteristics of Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes in Children
Diagnosing vertebrogenic pain syndromes in children presents significant difficulties related to the peculiarities of clinical manifestations in pediatric practice, the subjectivity of pain sensations, and the limited possibilities of applying a number of instrumental research methods. The clinical manifestations of vertebrogenic pathology in children often have an atypical course, may be disguised as other diseases, or may be asymptomatic for a long time.
Features of Autoimmune Disorders in Cerebral Paralysis in Children
Cerebral palsy (CCP) is a group of persistent movement and posture developmental disorders that cause activity limitations associated with non-progressive damage to the developing brain of the fetus or infant. The prevalence of cerebral palsy is 2-3 cases per 1000 live births, making this disease one of the leading causes of childhood disability worldwide. In recent years, researchers' interest in studying the immunological aspects of cerebral palsy pathogenesis has significantly increased. The accumulated data indicate that immune system dysfunction can play a significant role in both the development and progression of neurological disorders in this disease. Special attention is paid to the study of autoimmune mechanisms that can contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammatory process in the nervous tissue and exacerbate existing neurological deficits.
Principles of Treatment of Purulent-Necrotic Complications After Hip Surgery
Treatment of postoperative purulent coxitis is an extremely complex, lengthy and far from always effective process due to severe pathological changes in all components of the joint, as well as the complexity of the anatomical structure of the joint and the thickness of the surrounding tissues, therefore, the choice of surgical intervention method is determined by the degree of morphological changes in the joint area.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Healthcare System: A Comparative Analysis of the Systems of Uzbekistan and South Korea
This article analyzes the scientific-theoretical foundations, advantages, and practical outcomes of the digitalization of the healthcare system, as well as the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in this process. It discusses the introduction of digital technologies into the medical field, their stages of development, and areas of application. The article provides a comparative analysis of the digitalization processes in the healthcare systems of South Korea and Uzbekistan, identifying their similarities and differences. The analysis also covers the strengthening of digital infrastructure, improving the digital competencies of medical professionals, standardization trends of AI-based medical equipment, and the policy prospects of foreign countries in this area. The article includes analyses and examples illustrating the current stage of digital infrastructure development in today’s healthcare system. In addition, the article thoroughly examines the impact of AI technologies on changes in the field of medical devices, as well as their role and significance in the healthcare industry.
Assessment of Renal Functional Status in Obese Pregnant Women in the Development of Preeclampsia
Obesity in pregnancy has become a significant public health concern due to its strong association with maternal and fetal complications, particularly preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder characterized by hypertension and renal dysfunction, which can adversely affect both maternal and fetal outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the functional status of the kidneys in obese pregnant women and evaluate its role in the development of preeclampsia. Biochemical markers, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proteinuria, and microalbuminuria, were measured. Hemodynamic assessment was performed using Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate renal artery resistance and perfusion. The study demonstrated that obese pregnant women exhibit significant alterations in renal function, including decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and elevated proteinuria, which were strongly associated with preeclampsia development. Early identification of renal dysfunction in this high-risk group allows timely interventions, risk stratification, and improved maternal and fetal outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of integrating renal functional assessment into routine prenatal care for obese women.