Methods of Local Treatment of Traumatic Injuries of The Mucous Membrane of The Oral Cavity in The Course of Orthodontic Treatment of Tooth-Jaw Anomalies

Orthodontic treatment of dentofacial anomalies in children and adolescents is frequently accompanied by traumatic injuries of the oral mucosa, particularly when using fixed orthodontic appliances. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, microbial features, and effectiveness of local treatment methods for traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa during orthodontic therapy. A total of 485 patients aged 10–18 years were examined, among whom 124 (25.7%) presented with acute and chronic traumatic injuries of the oral mucosa associated with removable and fixed orthodontic appliances. Clinical, anthropometric, hygienic (KPO, GI, PMA), microbiological, and quality of life (OHIP-14) assessments were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The most common causes of mucosal injury were the protruding sharp ends of orthodontic arches (54.8%), brackets (20.1%), and metal ligature elements. Clinical manifestations included hyperemia, edema, pinpoint hemorrhages, and traumatic ulcers. Microbiological analysis revealed an increased prevalence of opportunistic pathogenic microflora, including anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. Patients were divided into two subgroups: one received conventional therapy, while the other received additional local treatment with pomegranate seed oil and ASEPTA propolis gel. The combined therapy demonstrated a 92.5% clinical effectiveness rate, indicating its potential as an effective adjunct in managing traumatic mucosal injuries during orthodontic treatment. The findings confirm that fixed orthodontic appliances significantly increase the risk of oral mucosal trauma and microbial imbalance, necessitating improved preventive and therapeutic strategies.