Diagnosis Of Children With Catarrhal Gingivitis On The Background Of Bronchial Asthma
Keywords:
catarrhal gingivitis, bronchial asthma, inhaled corticosteroids, gingival index, PMA index, diagnosisAbstract
Background: Chronic catarrhal gingivitis is the most common periodontal disease in childhood, and children with bronchial asthma are exposed to additional risk factors such as inhaled medication, reduced salivary flow and mouth breathing. Aim: To summarise current evidence on the prevalence of gingivitis in children with bronchial asthma and to substantiate a diagnostic algorithm for catarrhal gingivitis in this group. Methods: A narrative review of case–control and prospective studies, consensus reports and national publications was carried out; the diagnostic indices of gingival inflammation and oral hygiene were systematised, and quantitative results of clinical studies were extracted and presented graphically. Results: In a prospective study of 51 children with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids and 51 controls, gingivitis was found in 60.8% and 23.5% of children, respectively (p < 0.001), and salivary flow was lower in the asthma group; after a dental care programme the prevalence fell to 11.1% after one year. Other studies reported poorer oral hygiene, more frequent mild and moderate gingival inflammation and higher Community Periodontal Index values in children with asthma, although not all studies found differences. Conclusion: Diagnosis of catarrhal gingivitis in children with asthma should include a history of asthma therapy, clinical examination, index assessment (gingival, PMA, plaque and bleeding indices), and, where indicated, salivary, microbiological and microcirculatory tests, followed by an individual preventive plan.
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