Clinical-Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Primary Disseminated Breast Cancer with Skeletal Bone Lesions

Primary disseminated breast cancer (PDBC) with skeletal metastases is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer, associated with an unfavorable prognosis and high mortality. Despite advancements in early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, the survival rate of patients with PDBC remains significantly low, especially in cases with bone metastases, which are observed in 60-70% of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

The article presents a modern approach to treating PDBC. According to the presented statistical data, on average, 10% of diagnosed breast cancer cases worldwide are PDBC (stage IV). In most cases, these are patients with stage T3-4N1-3M1 and metastases in regional lymph nodes. In primary disseminated breast cancer, metastases typically develop in the skeletal bones, lungs, liver, and several other organs. To date, standardized treatment protocols have not been developed, and various opinions are expressed regarding treatment strategies. The article presents the results of a study on clinical and morphological features and survival rates depending on these factors, as well as treatment methods and clinical recommendations for primary disseminated breast cancer and their outcomes, with significant attention paid to the biological features of the tumor.