Preventive Practices and Perception of Cervical Cancer Among Female Students in the University of Ibadan, Oyo state

Abstract

Introduction:
Cervical cancer remains a significant public health challenge worldwide, with early detection being crucial for effective treatment and prevention. However, awareness of cervical cancer and its preventive measures, including Pap smear testing, is suboptimal in many regions, particularly among women in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the awareness, perceptions, and attitudes of university students toward cervical cancer prevention, with a focus on Pap smear screening.

Objective:
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward Pap smear testing among university students and to identify factors influencing their perceptions and willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening.

Method of Analysis:
A cross-sectional survey design was employed, using structured questionnaires to collect data from 350 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted, with chi-square tests used to determine associations between demographic variables and respondents' knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer prevention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results:
The study revealed that while a majority of respondents (92%) had heard of cervical cancer, only 8% were aware of the Pap smear test. Additionally, 57.1% of participants believed Pap smear screening is necessary for women, and 51.4% were aware of its importance. However, the actual uptake of Pap smear testing was alarmingly low, with only 2.9% of respondents having undergone the test. Sociodemographic factors such as age, marital status, and educational level significantly influenced the respondents’ knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer prevention (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study highlights critical gaps in the awareness and uptake of cervical cancer prevention strategies among university students. While knowledge of the importance of Pap smear screening exists, significant barriers, including lack of awareness and accessibility, hinder effective screening. Public health interventions targeting the younger population, including educational campaigns and improving access to screening services, are necessary to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of these interventions and identify strategies to overcome barriers to screening in similar contexts.