Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Pregnant Women Regarding Hepatitis B Prevention in Selected Primary Health Care Centers of Ado Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where vertical and horizontal transmissions are common. Pregnant women play a critical role in prevention, yet knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) vary widely across socio-cultural contexts. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women regarding Hepatitis B prevention in selected Primary Health Care (PHC) centers of Ado Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 pregnant women using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) to determine associations between socio-demographic variables and KAP towards Hepatitis B prevention, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Findings revealed moderate knowledge, as only 30% of respondents knew their Hepatitis B status, while 63% recognized HBV as a real disease. Positive attitudes were reported, with 80% agreeing that health talks improved awareness and 83% acknowledging health workers’ influence. However, cultural (39%) and religious (58%) beliefs significantly shaped perceptions. Preventive practices were inconsistent: while 62% recognized condom use as preventive, 52% did not identify sharing sharp objects as a major risk. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between education, cultural beliefs, and knowledge levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study highlights knowledge gaps, positive but culturally-influenced attitudes, and inconsistent practices among pregnant women regarding Hepatitis B prevention. Strengthening antenatal health education, addressing cultural misconceptions, promoting partner involvement, and integrating routine screening into PHC services are recommended to enhance HBV prevention and reduce mother-to-child transmission in Nigeria.