Khamidova N. K. (1), Mukhamedova Sh. T. (2)
Background: The COVID‑19 pandemic raised concerns about neonatal susceptibility, placental antibody transfer, and the timing and safety of routine immunizations. Objective: To synthesize evidence from 2020–2025 on vertical transmission of SARS‑CoV‑2, maternal–fetal antibody transfer (after infection or vaccination), neonatal immune features, and implications for routine vaccination of infants born to mothers with COVID‑19. Methods: Narrative review of peer‑reviewed studies and authoritative guidelines (WHO, ACOG, AAP). Results: Vertical transplacental transmission is rare (<1–3%). Efficient transfer of maternal IgG to SARS‑CoV‑2 occurs, with magnitude depending on timing of infection or vaccination. Maternal mRNA vaccination in pregnancy reduces COVID‑19 hospitalizations in infants <6 months and increases infant antibody titers. No evidence supports delaying routine newborn vaccines (HepB at birth; BCG per national policy) solely due to maternal COVID‑19. Conclusions: Routine immunization schedules should be followed for neonates of mothers with COVID‑19; individualized assessment is warranted for premature or clinically unstable infants.
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