Development of Innovative Rod Apparatus for Treatment of Long Bones of the Lower Limb in Multiple and Combined Injuries

Pelvic injuries can be considered one of the most severe types of musculoskeletal trauma, primarily because they are more often than others accompanied by death, long-term disability, and disability [1–4]. The reason for this lies in the anatomical structure of the pelvis and the organs contained in it. The severity of pelvic trauma is determined by severe pain, massive blood loss and traumatic shock [5, 6]. According to summary statistics, disability after a pelvic injury accounts for 3% of the total number of those examined for polytrauma. After conservative treatment, 22–66.7% of victims have permanent disability, which is almost 3 times higher than this figure in operated patients [1, 3, 7–9]. The mortality rate for pelvic injuries is 10–46.3%, and it is especially high in the group of patients with concomitant trauma—up to 50% [1, 4, 9, 10]. Modern achievements in solving this complex multifaceted problem are inextricably linked with issues related to improving diagnostics, tactics, methods and means of surgical treatment of severe pelvic injuries. The use of highly informative radiation methods in recent decades, in particular computed tomography, in the diagnosis of pelvic fractures has made it possible to reduce the proportion of diagnostic errors before the introduction into practice of unified scales for assessing the severity of the patient’s condition, tactical schemes of treatment and diagnostic measures, according to which treatment measures for pelvic fractures belong to the priority category. The improvement of treatment results was greatly facilitated by understanding the effect of early external fixation of unstable pelvic fractures. Today, most experts recognize that fixation has an anti-shock effect, provides prevention of hypostatic complications and a good functional result [4, 5, 7, 8]. Urgent fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries with simple devices is included in the algorithm for the treatment of severe injuries - ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) [9].