Changes in the Immune Status in Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Postcovid Period

Background: This study presents the results of an investigation into the immune status of adult patients with diabetes mellitus during the post-COVID period. Key cytokine levels, such as VEGF-A, TGF-β, IGF-1, and IP-10, as well as adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, were analyzed. The study includes a comparison between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, allowing for an assessment of the impact of vaccination on inflammatory processes and metabolic indicators.

Objective: To assess the effect of vaccination on immunological parameters in patients with diabetes that developed in the post-COVID period and identify key markers of inflammation and angiogenesis.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 98 patients divided into three groups: vaccinated, unvaccinated patients with diabetes that developed after COVID-19, and a control group. Levels of VEGF-A, TGF-β, IGF-1, and IP-10 were measured using ELISA.

Results: The level of VEGF-A was higher in the group of unvaccinated patients (257.98±15.55 pg/ml), indicating more pronounced inflammatory processes compared to the vaccinated group. TGF-β and IGF-1 levels were also significantly elevated in the unvaccinated group, indicating the development of fibrotic changes in tissues.