Cordiotoxicity of Polychemotherapy for Hematological Malignancies

Cardiotoxicity is a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of polychemotherapy used in the treatment of hematological malignancies. The cumulative impact of chemotherapy agents, particularly anthracyclines and alkylating agents, can lead to various forms of cardiac dysfunction, ranging from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to overt heart failure. The mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and direct damage to cardiac myocytes. This article explores the incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing polychemotherapy for hematological malignancies. It also reviews strategies for early detection, prevention, and management, including the use of cardioprotective agents and modifications to treatment protocols. Emphasis is placed on the importance of continuous cardiac monitoring and the development of individualized treatment plans to minimize cardiac risk without compromising the efficacy of chemotherapy. Understanding the balance between effective cancer treatment and cardiotoxic risk is crucial for improving patient outcomes in the management of hematological malignancies.