In Patients with Gastroduodenal Peptic Ulcer Disease, an Analysis of the Immunological Properties of H.Pylori Infection

H. pylori causes chronic gastritis, which can develop into severe diseases of the gastroduodenal region, such as stomach ulcers, stomach cancer and lymphoma associated with the gastric mucosa. If left untreated, H. pylori is usually transmitted in childhood and persists for life. About half of the world's population is infected with this infection, but the prevalence varies depending on the region and sanitary standards. Due to its characteristics, H. pylori can colonize the epithelium of the stomach in an acidic environment. Pathophysiology of H. pylori infection depends on the complex mechanisms of bacterial virulence, their interaction with the host's immune system and environmental conditions. This leads to different phenotypes of gastritis, which can lead to various problems in the gastroduodenal region. The causal relationship between the development of gastric cancer and H. pylori infection provides grounds for preventive screening and treatment methods. Invasive, endoscopic and non-invasive methods, including exhaled air analysis, stool and serological tests, are used to diagnose H. pylori infection. The article discusses in detail the complex mechanisms of pathogenesis, including virulence factors and the interaction of the host organism. Traditional and modern molecular diagnostic methods are considered with an emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses. Changes in treatment methods are being carefully studied. This includes antibiotic treatments and new treatments. The article provides a valuable overview of current knowledge about H. pylori based on a critical analysis of recent studies. Also, this review examines recent studies that expand our knowledge of how H. pylori causes chronic inflammation, as well as signs that, from an immunological point of view, explain gastritis with H. pylori. This helps doctors and researchers develop effective treatments for infection and identifies new ways to address this global health problem.