LUPUS NEPHRITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSTIC INNOVATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Keywords:
Lupus Nephritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Kidney Involvement, Autoimmune Disease, Immune Complexes, T-Cell Dysregulation, B-Cell ActivationAbstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that usually affects the kidneys, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. This article explores the pathophysiology of LN, emphasising the intricate interactions that lead to kidney injury between hereditary, environmental, and immunological variables. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of LN have made it possible to develop more effective diagnostic techniques. Biomarkers, like serum and urine indicators, are becoming more and more important for tracking the progression of diseases and for early identification. The article also addresses the current challenges in LN management, highlighting the limitations of conventional medicines, which frequently have considerable side effects and unpredictable efficacy. It emphasises the relevance of personalised medicine approaches, which are tailored to each patient's unique genetic and molecular profiles, in improving therapeutic outcomes. Emerging treatments, such as biologics and targeted immunosuppressive drugs, are explored because they have the potential to provide more effective and safer options. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of LN.
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