Anxiety and its Influence on Quality of Life and Physical Function in Chronic Heart Failure Phenotypes

Anxiety is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and has a considerable impact on prognosis, quality of life, and physical function. This study aims to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of anxiety in patients with CHF, stratified into three phenotypes based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).