Determinants of Completing Child Immunization Program Among Mothers

Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions, preventing numerous infectious diseases and saving millions of lives annually. Despite its benefits, many children remain under-vaccinated due to various barriers. The role of mothers in ensuring the completion of childhood immunization is critical, yet their adherence is influenced by multiple factors such as education, socioeconomic status, and healthcare accessibility. This study aims to assess the determinants affecting the completion of the child immunization program among mothers in Najaf Governorate. It also seeks to examine the relationship between maternal attitudes toward immunization and their demographic characteristics. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2024, to February 20, 2025. A purposive sample of 90 mothers participated in the study through an electronic questionnaire distributed via social media. Data collection focused on demographic variables and maternal attitudes toward completing the immunization schedule. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation tests. The study found that 48.9% of mothers always adhered to the vaccination schedule, while 42.6% followed it only sometimes, and 8.5% never adhered. The primary barrier to vaccination was difficulty in accessing healthcare (63.8%), followed by health or cultural concerns (28.7%) and lack of awareness (7.4%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between maternal attitudes toward immunization and their educational level (p=0.05) and place of residence (p=0.04). Other demographic factors showed no significant correlation. The findings indicate that maternal education and accessibility to healthcare significantly influence immunization adherence. The study recommends targeted health education campaigns, improved healthcare access, and community-based awareness programs to enhance vaccination coverage. Future research should explore additional factors influencing vaccine hesitancy and assess interventions to improve immunization rates.