Hepatitis B Virus Infection among HIV/AIDS Patients in Selected Hospitals in Nasarawa West Senatorial District, Nigeria: Association With Risk and Socio-Demographic Factors

Introduction:

Co-infection with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major public health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of both infections is high. HIV-infected individuals are at greater risk of HBV-related liver complications due to compromised immunity, yet HBV screening is often neglected in HIV care programs.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection among HIV-positive patients in selected hospitals within Nasarawa West Senatorial District, Nigeria, and to identify associations between HBV status and socio-demographic as well as behavioral risk factors.

Method of Analysis:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 HIV-positive individuals using convenience sampling. Blood samples were collected and screened for HBsAg using rapid test kits. HBsAg-positive samples underwent HBV DNA extraction and nested PCR for molecular confirmation. Socio-demographic and behavioral data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, with chi-square tests employed to assess associations at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The overall prevalence of HBV infection among participants was 14.7%. Prevalence was higher among males (14.3%) than females (9.7%), and highest among those aged 25–39 years (12.9%). Participants with primary education had a higher prevalence (16.7%) compared to those with tertiary education (8.3%). Single and divorced individuals had the highest rates of infection (both 12.5%). Risk behaviors such as intravenous drug use (27.8%), living with a hepatitis-infected person (25.0%), and a history of blood transfusion, STIs, or multiple sexual partners were associated with increased HBV positivity, although not all associations were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The study reveals a substantial burden of HBV among HIV-infected individuals in Nasarawa West, highlighting the need for integrated HBV screening, vaccination, and education within HIV care programs. Tailored interventions targeting males, young adults, and those with limited education are essential for reducing HBV-HIV co-infection rates. Strengthening public health strategies to address behavioral risks can significantly improve health outcomes and reduce liver-related complications in this vulnerable population.