Sh.M. Valiev (1), Z.T. Gaziev (2)
Elderly gynecological patients with concomitant cardiovascular pathology represent a high-risk population during surgical interventions due to limited hemodynamic reserves and increased sensitivity to anesthetic stress. Optimizing anesthetic strategies for this cohort is essential to minimize perioperative complications. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) on systemic and central hemodynamics, as well as its safety and efficacy, in elderly patients undergoing gynecological surgery.
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