Laryngeal Cancer: Clinical Features, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management

Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the upper respiratory tract, accounting for about 2% of all cancers worldwide. It primarily affects middle-aged and elderly men, strongly associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and occupational exposure to carcinogens. The disease significantly impacts speech, respiration, and quality of life. This article reviews the etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and current approaches to treatment and prevention of laryngeal carcinoma.