Immunohistochemical and Morphological Changes in Cervical Neoplasia

Abstract

Cervical neoplasia is one of the most common precancerous and cancerous diseases affecting women’s reproductive health. It involves abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells in the cervix, ranging from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The main etiological factor is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, cervical neoplasia continues to pose a global health problem, especially in developing countries. This article discusses its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures.