Nurmurotov Murodjon Mansur ugli (1)
Deaths caused by asphyxia remain a persistent challenge in forensic pathology because external and internal observations rarely provide definitive proof that asphyxia is responsible. Microscopic examination of tissues becomes pivotal for revealing underlying lesions and helping differentiate mechanisms such as hanging, ligature strangulation, manual strangulation, smothering, and drowning. This review surveys the histopathological and immunohistochemical patterns frequently encountered in asphyxial fatalities, evaluates their diagnostic usefulness, and outlines the constraints inherent to microscopic assessment in forensic work. Special attention is devoted to pulmonary congestion, edema, petechial hemorrhages, and recently proposed immunohistochemical biomarkers.
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