The Causes, Risk Factors, Difficulties in Diagnosis, Preventive Measures, and Multidisciplinary Care of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, insulin resistance, risk factors, screening, prevention, nursing care, maternal, fetal outcomesAbstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, prevention strategies, and management of gestational diabetes mellitus, with particular emphasis on early detection and multidisciplinary care. Current screening methods, including oral glucose tolerance testing and emerging molecular biomarkers, are discussed. Preventive interventions before and during pregnancy, as well as postpartum follow-up strategies, are evaluated. The role of healthcare professionals, especially nurses, in patient education, glycemic monitoring, and long-term risk reduction is highlighted. Effective management of GDM requires an integrated, patient-centered approach aimed at improving pregnancy outcomes and preventing intergenerational transmission of metabolic disease.
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