Endometric Atypic Uterine Hyperplasia: Cancer or a Beneficial Process? Analysis of Observations

Abstract

Introduction: Endometrial hyperplasia, specifically atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EHA), is an important premagnetic condition that can lead to endometrial cancer, especially in women with some risk factors. For timely intervention, it is crucial to identify the process from EKA to malignancy. This study aims to evaluate the clinical analysis of EKA, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes in different age groups in the Fergana region.

Materials and methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted on 50 women diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia in 2018-2023 at the Fergana Regional Oncology Center. The patients were divided into three age groups: 35-45 years, 46-55 years, and 56-70 years. Diagnostic methods include histological biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound (TSA), and analysis of clinical symptoms. Risk factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), and metabolic syndrome were also assessed. Treatment strategies included hormonal therapy, surgical intervention (hysterectomy), and monitoring.

Results: The study revealed that endometrial cancer developed in 16% of patients (8 out of 50). Lesions were more common in the age group of 56-70 years, where 33% of patients were affected. Patients with BMI >30 and MS had a high risk of malignancy (40% and 20% respectively). Hormonal therapy was effective in young patients (35-45 years old), with a regression of hyperplasia observed in 66.7%. In the age group of 56-70 years, due to the high risk of malignant neoplasms, surgical intervention was the primary treatment method, with hysterectomy being performed in 80% of patients.

Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that atypical endometrial hyperplasia causes a significant risk of malignancy, especially in elderly women and women with obesity or metabolic disorders. Hormonal therapy is effective in managing ECA in young patients, while in elderly patients, surgical treatment is often necessary. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment approaches are crucial for reducing the risk of endometrial cancer.