Bruxism and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: An In-Depth Review

Abstract

Bruxism and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are prevalent conditions that
significantly impact oral health and quality of life. Bruxism, characterized by involuntary grinding or
clenching of the teeth, can lead to various dental issues, while TMD encompasses a range of problems
affecting the jaw joint and associated structures. This review explores the etiology, clinical
manifestations, and management strategies for these interrelated conditions. The pathophysiology of
bruxism involves factors such as psychological stress, genetic predisposition, and certain medications,
whereas TMD etiology includes trauma, occlusal discrepancies, and systemic conditions. The clinical
overlap between bruxism and TMD complicates diagnosis and treatment, necessitating a
multidisciplinary approach for effective management. This article discusses current diagnostic
techniques, including clinical examinations and imaging studies, and reviews both conservative and
invasive treatment options. Understanding the interplay between bruxism and TMD is essential for
developing comprehensive, individualized treatment plans that improve patient outcomes. Ongoing
research and advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies hold promise for enhancing the
management of these complex disorders.