Modern Interpretations of Engel's Classification of Maxillary Protrussions

Engel’s classification, historically foundational in orthodontic diagnosis, continues to serve as a reference point in evaluating maxillary protrusions. However, evolving clinical practices and advances in craniofacial imaging have led to modern reinterpretations of this classification system. This study explores how Engel’s original categorization, particularly Class II Division 1 malocclusion, is being adapted to better reflect nuanced skeletal, dental, and soft tissue relationships in contemporary orthodontics. By examining recent literature and clinical applications, the paper identifies the limitations of Engel’s binary framework and discusses how integrative approaches—such as cephalometric analysis, 3D imaging, and functional assessments—offer a more precise understanding of maxillary protrusions. The study further evaluates the implications of these modern interpretations for diagnosis, treatment planning, and long-term patient outcomes. It underscores the importance of revisiting classical classifications to align with today’s technological capabilities and patient-centered approaches.