Fetal Deformities: Cleft Lip and Cleft Lip (Cleft Lip) in Newborns in the City of Basra

Abstract

Cleft lip, also known as a harelip, is a congenital deformity affecting children. It results from improper fusion of tissues during fetal development, leading to a split or openings in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth, or both. There are various types and forms of cleft lip; it may occur on one side of the upper lip or on both sides, and it can be either complete or incomplete.

Several factors contribute to the development of a cleft lip. Genetic or hereditary causes increase the likelihood if there is a family history of the condition. Additionally, certain medications taken by the mother during pregnancy can negatively affect fetal development, leading to cleft lip. These include antiepileptic drugs such as valproate, acne medications like Accutane, and certain heart medications. Substance abuse, including drug use, alcohol consumption, and smoking by the mother, also increases the risk. Exposure to radiation, chemicals, certain viruses, and maternal diabetes are among other contributing factors.

Cleft lip can lead to several complications, such as difficulties with feeding, speech, and hearing. It may also result in ear infections due to fluid leakage during feeding, dental abnormalities, and improper tooth development. The condition can also impact the child’s behavior and social adaptation due to psychological effects.

Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the cleft, performed by specialized surgeons who reconstruct the lip using surrounding tissues.