Clinical and Immunological Characteristics and Immunocorrection of Ulcerative Colitis

The pathology of digestive system at present takes a view of chronic inflammatory diseases of gastrointestinal tract. In the overall structure one of the top places are occupied by inflammatory diseases of the colon (including non-specific ulcerous colitis). They are serious from the perspective of diseases courses and prognosis, whose worldwide incidence continues to rise steadily in the last decades. The disease is prevalent with a chronic course, a seasonal tendency to exacerbations, a high rate of severe complications, high disability, and conveys majorly to individuals of young and mature pro working age. So far, no predominant etiological factor triggering the genesis of NUC has been identified. There is a growing opinion in recent years that the state of the immune system plays a pivotal role in NUC pathogenesis, hence largely determining the choice of immunocorrection and, ultimately, the disease outcome. Self-perpetuating pathophysiological processes, local and generalized autoimmune inflammation, which develop on the background of a genetic predisposition to an insufficient immune response from the immune system of the organism as a whole and the local immune system of the gastrointestinal tract, are responsible for the emergence of the extremely complex and complex diseases. In this connection, a lot of interest is formed to the study of the functional characteristics of T and B lymphocytes and cytokines — inflammatory mediators. Changes in the pathogenesis of NUC have now been materialized recently in a study, which validates the significance of alterations in specific components of the immune system: decrease in the overall count of cells in immune system. T-cell heterogeneity of its subpopulations, B-cell and natural killer disorders are being examined. The study of features of changes in the immune system in accordance with the severity and form of the disease, activity of the pathological process in the colon, clinical and immunological diagnostic criteria, prediction of the disease outcome and development of principles of immunocorrective therapy are topical questions of today.