Heart Ischemic Disease in Uzbekistan: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, Prevention, and Etiopathogenesis
Keywords:
coronary heart disease, Uzbekistan, epidemiology, preventionAbstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains one of the most pressing issues in modern cardiology and is the leading cause of mortality and disability among the adult population worldwide. According to WHO data, ischemic heart disease leads to 7.4 million deaths annually worldwide (13% of total mortality), while developing countries are seeing a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease.
References
[1] N. Townsend et al., “Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2024,” European Heart Journal, vol. 45, no. 14, pp. 1064–1087, 2024.
[2] F. Mach et al., “2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk,” European Heart Journal, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 1234–1256, 2024.
[3] P. Libby, “Atherosclerosis,” Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 13, 2024.
[4] Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, National Registry of Cardiological Diseases and Protocols for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease, Tashkent, 2024.
[5] Z. O. Tulepbaev et al., “Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in Central Asia,” Uzbek Journal of Cardiology, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 28–42, 2023.
[6] J. Knuuti et al., “2023 ESC Guidelines for acute and chronic coronary syndromes,” European Heart Journal, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1256–1298, 2024.
[7] B. G. Nordestgaard, “Triglyceride and cardiovascular disease,” The Lancet, vol. 403, no. 10425, pp. 2047–2059, 2024.
[8] A. Mahajan et al., “Risk factors for coronary artery disease in South Asia,” Nature Reviews Cardiology, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 715–730, 2023.
[9] N. K. Wenger, “Women and coronary heart disease: evolving knowledge is changing practice,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 82, no. 23, pp. 2189–2200, 2023.
[10] M. F. Piepoli et al., “2024 ESC Guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice,” European Heart Journal, vol. 45, no. 17, pp. 1542–1568, 2024.
[11] World Health Organization, Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2023, Geneva, 2023.
[12] T. G. Fuster et al., “Inflammation and atherosclerosis pathophysiology,” Circulation Research, vol. 134, no. 5, pp. 621–639, 2024.
[13] S. Yusuf et al., “Global burden of cardiovascular diseases,” The Lancet, vol. 402, no. 10395, pp. 1713–1734, 2023.
[14] A. V. Kuznetsova et al., “Genetic polymorphisms and coronary artery disease risk,” Cardiovascular Research, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 455–468, 2024.
[15] R. Ross, “Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 370, no. 14, pp. 1342–1354, 2023.
