EFFECTS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ON CARDIAC ACTIVITY

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is one of the most widespread cardiovascular disorders globally and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Persistent elevation of arterial pressure affects both the structural and functional integrity of the heart. This article analyzes the pathophysiological mechanisms through which hypertension alters cardiac activity, including myocardial remodeling, changes in electrophysiology, and impairment of coronary circulation. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, monitoring, and preventive strategies to reduce the long-term impact of hypertension on cardiac health. Arterial hypertension produces persistent mechanical stress on the myocardium, ultimately modifying both the structural organization and the functional dynamics of the heart. Rising arterial resistance forces the myocardium to intensify contractile force, which initially sustains circulation but progressively exhausts compensatory reserves. Continued pressure overload provokes hypertrophic transformation of ventricular muscle fibers, expansion of interstitial connective tissue, and deterioration of coronary microcirculation. These alterations disrupt coordinated contraction, lessen myocardial elasticity, and increase susceptibility to ischemic events. This article provides an expanded description of how constant pressure elevation influences myocardial performance, with emphasis on mechanical workload, tissue remodeling, and coronary regulatory disturbances.