Abstract:

Gonarthrosis, or knee osteoarthritis, is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that
significantly impacts physical function, psychological well-being, and social participation. Beyond
structural joint deterioration, the disease exerts profound biopsychosocial effects, including chronic pain,
reduced mobility, emotional distress, and diminished quality of life. This study evaluates contemporary
rehabilitation strategies within a biopsychosocial framework, integrating physical therapy, occupational
interventions, pain management, psychological support, and patient education. Emphasis is placed on
multidisciplinary approaches that address both mechanical and psychosocial contributors to disability.
Evidence indicates that individualized exercise programs, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy,
lifestyle modification, and assistive devices, improve functional capacity, reduce pain intensity, and
enhance social engagement. Furthermore, patient-centered education fosters self-efficacy, adherence,
and long-term health outcomes. Findings support that rehabilitation programs addressing physical,
emotional, and social dimensions offer superior improvements in quality of life compared to traditional
biomedical-focused interventions. This comprehensive perspective underlines the necessity of a holistic
management paradigm for gonarthrosis to optimize functional recovery, psychological resilience, and
overall well-being. Gonarthrosis is a chronic degenerative condition affecting the knee joint, which not
only impairs physical function but also negatively influences emotional well-being and social
participation. The multifactorial nature of the disease, including cartilage degeneration, subchondral
bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation, interacts with psychological stressors and lifestyle factors,
resulting in decreased quality of life. This study evaluates the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs
using a biopsychosocial model, integrating physical therapy, pain management, psychological support,
occupational interventions, and patient education. Evidence demonstrates that combined approaches
targeting mechanical, emotional, and social contributors significantly improve functional mobility,
reduce pain intensity, enhance coping strategies, and restore engagement in daily activities. Patient
centered rehabilitation fosters self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, and long-term health outcomes. The
findings highlight the necessity of a holistic management strategy for gonarthrosis, emphasizing early
intervention, individualized planning, and multidisciplinary collaboration to optimize physical and
psychosocial recovery.