The Role of Hormones in the Regulation of Pregnancy and Fetal Development

Abstract

Hormones play a central role in the regulation of pregnancy and fetal development, orchestrating processes from conception to birth. Key hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, estrogens, and placental hormones, ensure proper implantation, support the growth of the fetus, and prepare the maternal body for childbirth. This review summarizes the functions of these hormones, their interactions, and their influence on fetal organogenesis and maternal adaptations. Additionally, the article discusses hormonal imbalances that may lead to pregnancy complications and explores emerging therapeutic strategies.