Men Syndromes: Modern Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Diagnosis and Treatment

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome is a group of hereditary diseases characterized by the development of hormonally active and inactive neoplasms in two or more endocrine organs. The article presents a generalized analysis of modern concepts of the pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnostic algorithms and principles of treatment of various forms of MEN (types 1, 2A, 2B and 4). Particular attention is paid to the molecular genetic aspects of the disease, including mutations in the MEN1, RET and CDKN1B genes that underlie the development of these syndromes. The possibilities of personalized (precision) medicine, including preventive surgery in carriers of high-risk mutations, are highlighted. A comparative analysis of current international and domestic clinical guidelines is provided. The importance of early genetic screening and the introduction of an interdisciplinary approach to the system of monitoring and managing patients with suspected MEN syndromes is emphasized.