Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Chronic Complications and their Clinical Impact
Keywords:
Type 1 diabetes, microvascular complications, macrovascular complicationsAbstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic endocrine disorders in childhood. Although advances in insulin therapy and glucose monitoring have improved outcomes, children remain at risk of both acute and long-term complications. This study aims to highlight the major complications of T1DM in pediatric patients and evaluate their clinical consequences. Acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycemia are frequent and life-threatening. Chronic complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease, may begin early in life and significantly affect morbidity and quality of life. Early recognition and prevention strategies are essential to reduce the burden of these complications.
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