Prevalence, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, myocardial Infarction, cardiovascular risk, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycemiaAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications, particularly myocardial infarction (MI). Patients with T2DM are more likely to experience silent or atypical presentations of MI, leading to delayed diagnosis and worse outcomes. The pathogenesis involves chronic hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, and pro-inflammatory states. Diagnostic approaches require a high index of suspicion and may include cardiac biomarkers, ECG, and imaging studies. Treatment strategies for MI in diabetic patients involve prompt revascularization, optimal glycemic control, and long-term use of antiplatelet agents, statins, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Early detection and individualized management are crucial to improving prognosis in this high-risk population.
