Abstract:

Overweight and obesity are complex health conditions influenced by various physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Among the most critical yet often overlooked contributors is hormonal imbalance, which not only plays a role in weight gain but is also exacerbated by excess body fat. This article explores the bidirectional relationship between excess weight and endocrine disruption, focusing on key hormones such as insulin, leptin, ghrelin, cortisol, thyroid hormones, estrogen, and testosterone.