Abstract:

This article comprehensively analyzes the normal histological structure of myocardial tissue and morphological and structural changes that occur under the influence of various pathological conditions. The microscopic structure of cardiomyocytes, the main cells of the myocardium, their branched shape, centrally located nuclei and interconnection through intercalary discs are highlighted as important factors ensuring the synchronous contractility of the heart. Also, the development of the capillary network in myocardial tissue, the location of connective tissue elements and nerve fibers are described with their importance in the trophic and regulatory supply of the heart muscle. The article describes in detail the histological changes observed in myocardial tissue in pathological conditions such as ischemic processes, inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis. In particular, the processes of cardiomyocyte swelling, myofibril fragmentation and necrotic changes in ischemic conditions, and cellular infiltration and tissue destruction in inflammatory processes were analyzed. The formation of myocardial fibrosis as a result of excessive development of connective tissue in chronic pathological conditions and its negative impact on the functional activity of the heart were scientifically elucidated. These analyzes reveal the importance of histological changes in myocardial tissue     in the development of heart failure, arrhythmias and ischemic heart disease. The scientific conclusions presented in the article are of significant theoretical and practical importance in the early detection of cardiac pathologies at the histological level, clarification of the diagnosis and development of effective treatment approach hes.