Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus and Prevention of Its Complications: A Comprehensive Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31149/ijimm.v4i3.2812Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, early diagnosis, metabolic dysfunction, complication prevention, screening strategies, predictive healthcareAbstract
Diabetes mellitus has evolved into a major non-communicable disease threatening global health systems due to its progressive nature and multisystem complications. Despite advances in treatment, a considerable proportion of morbidity arises from delayed diagnosis rather than therapeutic failure. Increasing evidence demonstrates that metabolic disturbances precede clinical diabetes by many years, creating a critical window for intervention. This review synthesizes current understanding of early detection strategies and evaluates their role in preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Particular attention is given to the biological rationale for early screening, limitations of current diagnostic criteria, technological advances in predictive medicine, and integrated prevention models. The analysis highlights that early identification combined with risk-factor modification produces disproportionate long-term benefits compared with late-stage disease management. Future diabetes control depends less on pharmacological innovation and more on systematic early detection and personalized prevention strategies
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