Pathogenetic Aspects of Non-Carious Lesions of Dental Hard Tissues

Non-carious lesions of dental hard tissues, such as abrasion, erosion, attrition, and abfraction, are increasingly recognized as major contributors to tooth structure loss and oral discomfort, independent of microbial activity. Unlike dental caries, which are caused by bacterial acid attacks, non-carious lesions are multifactorial in origin — influenced by mechanical, chemical, and biological factors. This study investigates the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying such lesions, exploring how intrinsic factors (e.g., salivary pH, bruxism, occlusal stress) and extrinsic influences (e.g., dietary acids, brushing techniques) contribute to their development. Through clinical observation, patient surveys, and biochemical saliva analysis, the study reveals key patterns in lesion formation and highlights the role of early diagnosis and individualized prevention strategies. The findings provide a basis for improving the understanding, classification, and management of non-carious defects in modern dental practice.