Craniometric Indicators of the Mandible in Primary School Children: Age- and Sex-Specific Morphological Changes

This scientific article investigates the craniometric indicators of the mandible (lower jaw) region in primary school children, analyzing their age- and sex-related morphological changes. The study measured the length, height, angles, and other key morphometric parameters of the mandible in boys and girls of different age groups. The differences between these measurements were statistically evaluated. The findings contribute to identifying the morphological patterns of facial-skeletal development in children and inform the development of individualized approaches in orthodontic, pediatric, and surgical practices.